Browsing by Author "Sirojuddin Arif"

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    Aligning policies, maintaining power: State-society conflicts and state responses to food crises in Indonesia and Nigeria
    (Wiley-Blackwell, 2023-09-27) Sirojuddin Arif
    Despite the importance of food for both economic and political reasons, why do governments respond differently to food crises? To answer this question, this article assesses the politics of state responses to food crises in Indonesia and Nigeria in the 1960s and 1970s. Using the state-in-society approach to politics, this research finds that variation in state–society conflicts explains the differences in Indonesia's and Nigeria's responses to the food crises. Conflicts between the state and urban workers led Nigeria to align its food policies with the need to contain urban workers' grievances, while in Indonesia conflicts between peasants and the state led the government to align its food policies with rural development to raise food production and eliminate the source of rural threats. State responses to food crises are therefore context-dependent policies, deeply influenced by the salient form of state–society conflicts.
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    Enhancing election integrity : a comparative study of NGO election monitoring in the Philippines and Indonesia
    (Universitas Islam Internasional Indonesia, 2024) Perwita Suci; Philips J. Vermonte; Sirojuddin Arif
    What causes variations in election integrity scores across democratic countries? A number of scholars argue that election integrity scores are influenced by regime type and economic development. Yet there are several countries that have the same regime and economic development but obtain different election integrity scores. By comparing the Philippines and Indonesia, this thesis will try to assess civil society involvement through the level of robustness of election monitoring activities by NGOs, which is considered a key factor in the variation in election integrity values in democratic countries. This is because formal election monitoring institutions are deemed incapable of maintaining free and fair elections. The robustness of an NGO is indicated by the results of its strategy implementation. The strategies used were divided into two types in this paper: new and old strategies. A new strategy is the implementation of a strategy that has never been done by an NGO before; this is characterized by collaborating with international organizations and becoming a pseudo-government partner. Meanwhile, the old strategy is a strategy usually used by NGOs to influence the quality of elections, for instance, becoming the government's antagonists or not collaborating with international organizations. By implementing the former and collaborating with international NGOs, various forms of support can be accessed as a reference and basis for the NGOs to run their election monitoring activities effectively. In addition, becoming a pseudo-government partner also makes it easier to convince the government about the importance of NGOs' presence in free and fair elections. Meanwhile, NGOs that adhere to the old strategy do not receive any support from international organizations and become enemies of the government, which causes the government to crack down on the scope of NGO involvement in election activities.
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    Local government coordination capacity in reducing stunting prevalence : cases of Bekasi city and Bogor city
    (Universitas Islam Internasional Indonesia, 2024) Tri Sulistianing Astuti; Sirojuddin Arif; A'an Suryana
    Stunting remains a global problem, including in Indonesia. Despite the nature of stunting reduction as a benevolent policy, which tends to be less prioritized by politicians, many countries have succeeded in reducing stunting. It raised a question: under what conditions does the government pursue stunting reduction? Most studies point out the commitment of political leaders as the main driver of the stunting reduction. However, in a democratic government, a political leader has a term limit, which makes him vulnerable to continuity of stunting reduction in the long term. Hence, I argue that the bureaucratic capacity could better drive stunting reduction since bureaucrats serve longer than political leaders. Focusing on coordination capacity, this research assesses the variation outcome of stunting reduction in Bekasi City and Bogor City during the changing landscape of stunting policies from 2018 to 2022 by employing a comparative qualitative method with Most Similar System Designs. This research concludes a strong capacity of street-level bureaucracy coordination was the core of Bekasi City’s better performance in stunting reduction compared to Bogor City. Therefore, understanding the need for a strong coordination capacity in bureaucracy and the impact of not having it can significantly contribute to increasing the successful delivery program of benevolent policy in a local government.
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    Unveiling revolutionary pathways : a comparative study of the tactics and strategies of the communist party of the Philippines and Partai Komunis Indonesia
    (Universitas Islam Internasional Indonesia, 2023) Fenis, Magello Rainer; Sirojuddin Arif; Philips J. Vermonte
    This research paper examines the impact of the tactics and strategies employed by the Philippine and Indonesian communist movements on political sustainability in the face of repression and a changing political landscape. Utilizing a qualitative approach with causal inference, the research examines the experiences of the Communist Party of the Philippines (CPP) and the Partai Komunis Indonesia (PKI) during their peak periods under authoritarian governments. The PKI operated as a legal party under the Sukarno regime, primarily adhering to Leninist principles. In contrast, the CPP, a Maoist organization, has operated underground since its split from the older revisionist communist party. While existing literature offers valuable insights, a comparative study between these regional revolutionary movements is necessary to bridge the gap in understanding the relationship between party methods and sustainability. Despite encountering state repression, the effectiveness of revolutionary strategies played a pivotal role in determining their survival and future trajectory. Drawing on historical institutionalism theory, the study explores the timing and sequence of events, shedding light on ideological, political, and organizational transformations. Ultimately, the distinctive responses of the CPP and the PKI to the domestic challenges of the Cold War era shaped their respective trajectories in pursuing communist aspirations. The findings of this study will contribute to a deeper understanding of how revolutionary social movements respond to repression in the Southeast Asian region.
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    Women's education in Afghanistan : activist, Taliban and public views
    (Universitas Islam Internasional Indonesia, 2023) Hamedi, Abdul Saboor; Sirojuddin Arif; Nia Deliana
    This study investigates the intricate landscape of women's education in Afghanistan through the perspectives of diverse groups, including activists, Taliban officials, and the general public. The study aims to explore the attitudes and sentiments surrounding women's education by combining content and sentiment analysis. Extensive data collection encompassed Twitter posts from Afghan activists, the Taliban, and the public. The study's findings unveil various opinions and emotions among the various groups examined. Notable champions for women's education, regardless of sex, emerge, demonstrating passionate advocacy and working towards expanding educational opportunities for all. The public similarly exhibits significant levels of support, albeit slightly less pronounced. Their collective voice affirms the importance of women's education and the need for progress in this realm. Conversely, the Taliban demonstrates limited enthusiasm for girls' education, revealing a deep ideological divide This understanding sheds light on the challenges in promoting educational equity and diversity within Afghanistan. The study underscores the pivotal role of activists in advocating for women's education, shaping the discourse, and driving transformative change. It also highlights the importance of dismantling societal barriers and advocating for legal reforms to ensure accessibility to education for women in Afghanistan. The insights generated by this study hold practical implications for policymakers, educators, and organizations dedicated to advancing women's education and achieving equality in Afghanistan. With these findings, policymakers and activists can better prioritize women's education, design more effective initiatives, and allocate resources accordingly. This research contributes to the ongoing conversation on women's education in Afghanistan by providing a deeper understanding of the perspectives and sentiments expressed by various groups. It emphasizes the need for sustained collaboration and coordinated efforts to dismantle barriers, challenge established norms, and create an educational system that women, giving them a voice and opening doors to a brighter future.