Theses - Economics

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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14576/27

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Browsing Theses - Economics by Subject "Climate change"

Now showing 1 - 4 of 4
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    Financial policy and socio-economic dimension on co2 emissions : revisiting the G20 countries
    (Universitas Islam Internasional Indonesia, 2024) Andi Dzulfahmi Imran Hamzah; Teguh Yudo Wicaksono; Aimatul Yumna
    The issue of climate change, driven by high concentrations of CO2 emissions in the atmosphere, has garnered global attention. Consequently, the Paris Agreement represents a commitment by nations worldwide to address climate change by agreeing to limit the rise in global surface temperature to below 2°C, and ideally below 1.5°C, by 2050. This necessitates a transition to a greener economy, which is hindered by significant funding challenges, particularly for renewable energy financing and the transfer of environmentally friendly technology. Additionally, socio-economic factors must be considered, as population growth and urbanization increase demand in the energy and infrastructure sectors. This study aims to examine the effects of climate-related financial policy through climate-related financial policy index (CRFPI) and socio-economic factors on CO2 emissions in G20 countries from 2000 to 2020. Utilizing a panel regression random effects model, the impact of exogenous variables on CO2 emissions is found to be varied. CRFPI significantly reduces CO2 emissions, as does financial development. The Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis is validated, showing that in the early stages, GDP positively affects CO2 emissions; however, as GDP growth reaches a turning point, economic growth negatively impacts CO2 emissions in the long term, indicating that G20 countries are predominantly characterized by progressive economic growth. Empirical evidence, particularly regarding socio-economic factors, presents diverse results. Renewable energy consumption leads to the most substantial reduction in CO2 emissions, while the response of CO2 emissions to FDI inflows shows a positive trend, suggesting that investment flows need better alignment with environmental sustainability goals. Finally, trade openness, urbanization, population, and technology patents do not show significant impacts. Despite the dynamic nature of empirical evidence, CRFPI, through various instruments such as green prudential policy, green financial principles, green investment and credit allocation, green bonds, and other disclosure requirements, can serve as alternative financing mechanisms to achieve net-zero emissions targets.
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    The impact of climate change on food security : evidence from West African countries
    (Universitas Islam Internasional Indonesia, 2024) Jallow, Mamadou Salieu; Dionisius A. Narjoko; Teguh Yudo Wicaksono
    The global efforts to eradicate hunger and food insecurity by 2030 which is goal number 2 of the United Nations sustainable development goals is being undermine by the adverse impact of climate change on food security. Developing countries especially in West Africa are among the most vulnerable countries to climate change mainly due to the subregion’s dependance on rainfed agriculture for livelihood. Based on this background, this study examines the impact of climate change on food security in West African climate vulnerable countries while controlling macroeconomic factors. To achieve our aim, we employ panel data model to analyze the study comprising 10 West African climate vulnerable countries over the period 2000 to 2020. Findings from model 1 of the study reveal that, rainfall, GDP, trade openness, and cereal production have positive significant impact on food availability; whereas, average temperature, drought, greenhouse gas emission, and population density have adverse effects on food availability. Additionally, results from model 2 indicate that, rainfall, greenhouse gas emission, GDP, political stability, and cereal production improve food accessibility. In contrast, average temperature, drought, and food prices are found to have negative impact on food accessibility. Our findings implies that while rainfall improve food security, other climatic factors such as average temperature and drought drastically reduce food security. Besides, the macroeconomic factors influence food security. These findings are relevant for policymakers and stakeholders to help in achieving food security and sustainable economic growth and development in the sub-region. Therefore, among the policies, we suggest governments in West African countries to reduce carbon emission, increase agricultural investment, provide farmers with drought resistance crops, promote free trade within the sub-region, and stabilize food prices. Finally, the study is limited by unavailability of complete data. Again, the study did not include other pillars of food security such as food utilization and stability in examining the impact of climate change on food security. Therefore, we recommend future research to incorporate these limitations.
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    The impact of fish production, government policy, climate change, and marine biodiversity as blue economy factors on food security : a panel data analysis
    (Universitas Islam Internasional Indonesia, 2024) Azzam Robbani; Dionisius Ardiyanto Narjoko; Herbert Wibert Victor Hasudungan
    This study explores the intersection between the blue economy and global food security, focusing on twelve Asia-Pacific countries from 2015 to 2021. As the blue economy becomes increasingly vital in sustainable development, particularly in regions reliant on marine resources, this research aims to quantitatively assess how key blue economy factors—such as fish production, government policies, marine biodiversity, and climate change—affect food security outcomes. Using a robust dataset sourced from reputable international organizations like the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and the World Bank, the study applies panel data analysis using the Fixed Effects Model (FEM) based on the Hausman test, which confirmed FEM as the most appropriate model to account for country-specific characteristics and unobserved heterogeneity. Diagnostic checks for normality, heteroscedasticity, autocorrelation, and multicollinearity were conducted to ensure the robustness of the regression models. The findings reveal that climate change exerts a statistically significant and negative impact on food security, underscoring the vulnerability of food systems to environmental variability, particularly in regions where agriculture and fisheries depend heavily on natural rainfall and stable climatic conditions. Conversely, other blue economy factors—fish production, government policies, and marine biodiversity—do not show a significant direct influence on food security within the scope of this study. This suggests that while these areas hold potential, they may require more targeted and effective policy interventions to enhance their contributions to food security. The study emphasizes the need for policy recommendations that include the promotion of sustainable aquaculture and fisheries management, climate change mitigation strategies, and the development of comprehensive regulatory frameworks. Additionally, integrating urban planning into food security strategies and engaging local communities in the implementation of Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) are crucial for conserving marine biodiversity and supporting food security. The research also highlights the importance of diversifying blue economy activities to better integrate them into the broader economic system, thereby enhancing their contribution to food security.
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    The impact of tourism development on CO2 emissions : evidence from ASEAN economies
    (Universitas Islam Internasional Indonesia, 2024) Arif Rahman; Rizky Wisnoentoro; Dionisius Ardiyanto Narjoko
    For several decades, the tourism sector has played a pivotal role in driving economic growth across ASEAN economies. However, the sector now faces significant challenges due to its vulnerability to climate change. This study investigates the correlation between the growth of the tourism industry and CO2 emissions in ASEAN countries from 2010 to 2019. Utilizing a random effects model, we analyse the impact of tourism on CO2 emissions, a key contributor to climate change. The results indicate that sustainable tourism practices, such as ecotourism, sustainable tourism and cultural tourism, can significantly reduce CO2 emissions by promoting biodiversity and preserving natural beauty. Furthermore, the study finds a positive correlation between real GDP per capita, energy intensity, and carbon emissions. The regression results confirm that international tourists prefer less-polluting destinations with efficient infrastructure, indicating a strong attraction to environmentally friendly travel options in ASEAN economies. This preference has significant implications for sustainable tourism development in ASEAN economies. Policy recommendations include pursuing sustainable, eco-friendly tourism through comprehensive and integrated sustainable tourism policies. These policies should focus on maintaining environmental quality, promoting green infrastructure, adopting clean technologies, and preserving forests to attract foreign tourists while minimizing environmental impact. Ultimately, integrated sustainable tourism policies will position ASEAN as a leading sustainable and eco-friendly destination, fostering both economic growth and environmental stewardship. By implementing these recommendations, ASEAN countries can balance economic development with environmental sustainability, contributing to the global effort against climate change.