Durand line; a contending security dilemma between Pakistan and Afghanistan

Abstract

The Durand Line is a shared border between Pakistan and Afghanistan and is considered one of the major conflict zones in the 21st century. Post 9/11, developments in the region attracted the world’s attention. This article uses a realist model and empirical approach to examine literature review evidence about the main issues surrounding the border disputes between Pakistan and Afghanistan. Three thematic findings from the review have been discussed: (i) The lack of consensus between Afghanistan and Pakistan, (ii) Inadequate border management and criminal activities on the border, and (iii) Vulnerabilities faced by the ethnic groups living across the border. The study concludes that the Durand Line threatens regional and international peace and security. It is recommended that both countries should take decisive steps toward sustainable peace by holding negotiations and working together to eliminate the border issues and resolve issues faced by ethnic groups across the border.