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Islamic legal discourse and gender inclusivity : the dynamics of khunthā/hijra and transgender identity in bangladesh
(Fakultas Syariah, UIN Sultan Aji Muhammad Idris, 2025-06-10) Hasan, Md. Mahdi; Zezen Zaenal Mutaqin
This paper critically explores the theological, legal, and sociopolitical distinction between traditional khunthā (intersex) and contemporary socially constructed transgender identities within the framework of Islamic jurisprudence, focusing on the Bangladeshi context. By engaging with classical and contemporary Islamic legal texts, religious interpretations, legal precedents, scholarly works, media representations, and public discourse, the study argues that the conflation of khunthā (often culturally aligned with hijra) and transgender identities in public narratives—particularly in education and media—has led to widespread confusion, societal backlash, and policy resistance. While khunthā has traditionally been recognized in Islam as part of divine creation (aṣl al-khilqah), transgender identity—defined as a divergence from one’s biological sex—is often perceived as altering God’s creation (taghyīr al-khilqah) and thus faces greater religious and social resistance. This paper also addresses concern about unverified gender identity claims, citing incidents where individuals falsely claimed gender status, resulting in misuse of institutional provisions and violations of women’s safety and privacy in gender-segregated spaces. The study suggests that future policy initiatives on gender inclusivity in Muslim-majority countries like Bangladesh should clearly distinguish between traditional legitimate gender and socially constructed gender identities in order to uphold religious and ethical values and prevent misuse in gender-segregated spaces.
Educational policy analysis : examining pesantren policies and their implications on the independence of kyai and pesantren in the contemporary era
(Department of Islamic Education, Faculty of Tarbiyah and Teacher Training, Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University, 2024-12-31) Nadhif Muhammad Mumtaz; Evi Muafiah; Doli Witro
Purpose – This study aims to investigate the autonomy of Kyai (religious teachers) within Pesantren in making education policy. In examining these policies, it focuses on the evolution of teaching and the implementation of the “Asas Tunggal Pancasila” in Indonesian educational institutions, the struggles of Pesantren policies that led to the enactment of Law No. 18 of 2019, and the dark side of the politicization of religion that has implications for educational policies.
Design/methods/approach – This study uses a qualitative research method with a case study approach involving two Islamic boarding schools in East Java. Primary data sources were obtained through observations and interviews, while secondary data sources include library materials such as legislation, scholarly articles (journals), books, and others. Data collection techniques involved observation, semi-structured in-depth interviews, and documentation (document analysis). The data analysis technique used was qualitative data analysis, including data condensation, data display, and conclusion drawing.
Findings – The research reveals that the law empowers Pesantren and Kyai to shape their institutions in alignment with societal demands, traditions, and evolving times. While the Kyai’s independence plays a significant role in the direction of Pesantren, it does not solely determine its identity. The law emphasizes the need for contemporary teaching methods, curriculum development, and infrastructure improvements, encouraging Kyai to avoid rigid and authoritarian tendencies.
Research implications/limitations – The research has theoretical implications regarding two contrasting views on the influence of Pesantren policy on Kyai’s independence in relation to political elites. The “Yes” side highlights alignment of interest, empowerment and development, and community engagement. The “No” side emphasizes the preservation of autonomy, potential manipulation, and a general distrust of political parties.
Originality/value – This study provides direction for understanding the complex interplay between religious education and the political domain in Indonesia.
الإجتهاد الإنتقائي وحل القضايا الفقهية المذهبية؛ دراسة عن تطبيق الإجتهاد الإنتقائي في المحكمات الدينية الإندونيسية
(STIBA Arraayah Sukabumi, 2025-02-28) Ibnu Farhan Istiqlal; Meriza Isna Fadlilah; Akhdza. E, M. Ikhsanul
The dynamic development of the times raises various new legal issues, including in the realm of Islamic family law. This research specifically aims to reveal how ijtihad intiqa'i can be applied in case settlement in Religious Courts in Indonesia, especially when it has to conflict with the classical law of a madhhab that is used as a role model, where there are differences of opinion among fiqh schools. This research uses a qualitative approach with a case study method. Primary data was obtained through a document study of Religious Court decisions and fiqh books as materials to analyze them. Data analysis was carried out using the theoretical framework of ijtihad intiqa'i. The results of the research intiqa'i ijtihad has a very important role in the dynamics of Islamic law in Indonesia. However, more systematic efforts need to be made to increase the capacity of judges in conducting ijtihad, as well as providing clearer regulations related to the application of ijtihad in religious courts.
تحليل قاعدة "الضرر يزال" من خلال فتوى مجلس العلماء الإندونيسي حول القضية الفلسطينية
(STIBA Arraayah Sukabumi, 2025-01-11) Meriza Isna Fadlilah; Ibnu Farhan Istiqlal
إن القاعدة الفقهية الضرر يزال قد استخدمها كثير من العلماء والفقهاء الاستنباط الأحكام في القضايا المعاصرة ومؤخرا، باشتداد الصراع بين فلسطين وإسرائيل قد أدى إلى تنوع مواقف الناس إلى من يدعم فلسطين ومن يدعم إسرائيل، وعلى هذا ظهر الحاجة الماسة إلى إصدار فتوى عن حكم الدعم ضد فلسطين. وفي إندونيسيا، إن المؤسسة الدينية العليا التي لها دور لإصدار الفتوى هي مجلس العلماء الإندونيسي، فأصدر مجلس العلماء الإندونيسي الفتوى حول هذه القضية. ويهدف هذا البحث إلى تحليل القاعدة الفقهية الضرر يزال في الفتوى عن حكم دعم القضية الفلسطينية. ومن خلال الدراسة الوصفية التحليلة أوضحت مفهوم القاعدة الفقهية الضرر يزال، وحدوث الصراع بين فلسطين وإسرائيل، وفتوى مجلس العلماء الإندونيسي عن حكم دعم فلسطين، وكيف طبقت قاعدة الضرر يزال في هذه الفتوى، وما هو الضرر الذي يجب إزالته. فمن خلال الدراسة المكتبية وصل نتيجة البحث بأن مجلس العلماء الإندونيسي اعتبر الدعم ضد إسرائيل من الضرر الذي يجب إزالته، وذلك الضرر من نوع الضرر الغير مباشر أو الضرر بالتسبب
Beyond immediate needs : an analysis of social insurance and its behavioral economic impact in Indonesia
(Corporate University BPJS Kesehatan, 2024-12-30) Ucca Bhanuwati Astutiningtyas Palupi
Despite the relatively high GDP growth of around 5.3 in 2022, Indonesia still faces high inequality (Gini index 37.9), which challenges social-economic-security instruments. In January 2023, the government spent around IDR 5.3 trillion to protect public health, a 12% increase compared to last year (2022), making Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan Sosial Kesehatan shortened by BPJS Kesehatan as a medic-aid social insurance manager need to keep evolving to suffice the need. In this research, we investigate the potential impact of social insurance in Indonesia to determine the possible direction of the relationship between the adequacy of social-economic-security instruments and spending. The study utilises a vector error correction model (VECM) test as a tool to analyse quarter data from several online source datasets, including household consumption expenditures, gross national income, and capital stock from bps.go.id, social insurance participations from djsn.go.id, inflation and national savings proxy by broad money M2 from bi.go.id in the form of quarterly data, starts from 2016 Q1 until 2023 Q3. The regression result shows no immediate and significant relationship between social insurance and consumption. However, the analysis reveals that social insurance might contribute to economic resilience, potentially leading to higher productive spending and a potential behavioural transformation towards risk.