Universitas Islam Internasional Indonesia Repository
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Between forest and growth : conceptualizing constrained climate policy space for a sustainable future in rainforest countries
Serge, Nanda Silatsa; Komaruddin Hidayat; Moch Faisal Karim (Universitas Islam Internasional Indonesia, 2026-05-04)
Rainforest countries occupy a structurally paradoxical position in the international political economy of sustainable development and climate governance. With a unique ecosystem, they are the most ecologically important and climate-critical regions in the world, yet they are consistently on uneven, often suboptimal, paths toward the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The dominant narratives explaining this disparity point to weak domestic governance, insufficient institutional capacity, and policy ambition, overlooking how global economic integration, trade dependence, and international climate governance structurally constrain national policy space. This dissertation introduces and develops the concept of Constrained Climate Policy Space (CCPS) as its central theoretical contribution to explain the unequal sustainable development outcomes in rainforest countries under binding structural constraints embedded in the global political economy. In doing so, I argue that rainforest countries' policy space for sustainable development is jointly constrained by developmental imperatives (growth pressures, fiscal dependence, trade exposure) and environmental pressure (deforestation, biodiversity loss, emissions). To empirically test the CCPS framework, the dissertation adopts a multi-level quantitative design, combining panel data analysis for a broader sample of 87 rainforest countries (2000–2023) with a country-specific time-series analysis for Brazil, Indonesia, and Cameroon. Methodologically, the research triangulates dynamic fixed-effect panel models, Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) estimation, and Granger causality tests to identify both contemporaneous and intertemporal linkages between SDG performance, structural pressures, institutional variables, and external financial flows. The results offer strong statistical support for four main findings. First, developmental imperatives emerge as the stronger and more consistent predictor of SDG performance across specifications, producing a persistent and often lagged negative effect across all models. Second, environmental pressure rarely has a strong or systematic concomitant effect on aggregate SDG performance but acts instead as a conditioning constraint that cumulatively closes policy space over time. Third, the interaction term DII×EPI is positive and statistically significant, indicating that structural pressures do not accumulate in a purely additive manner. The qualitative comparison shows different CCPS regimes. Four, governance and political institutions mediate the effects of CCPS in rainforest countries. Brazil is in a development-constrained regime dominated by growth-oriented imperatives and characterized by environmental pressure as an amplifier. Indonesia is in a fragile, interaction-driven regime where mounting environmental stress increasingly bites into development space. Cameroon is in a severely constrained regime with high developmental urgency, low institutional buffering, and a reactive sustainability governance orientation. These cases illustrate that global ecological standing does not yield developmental equilibration and highlight the worry of missing the target of the SDG 2030 agenda if immediate actions are not relieved of both developmental and environmental constraints. The study's conclusion is that sustainable development in rainforest countries is conditioned by feasibility under constraint, not solely by ambition within an unequal international political economy. By redirecting the analytical lens from policy design to structural constraint, the CCPS framework can help make the concept of climate-compatible development more realistic, as well as the research and policy dialogue on international cooperation under conditions of constrained policy space.
Making an Islamic economy : a study on fatwas on religious authority, fiqh interpretation, and contestation
Muhammad Fakhrul Arrazi; Syafiq Hasyim; Syamsul Rijal (Universitas Islam Internasional Indonesia, 2026-07-20)
This dissertation examines the complex dynamics of Islamic economic fatwa-making in Indonesia by positioning them at the intersection of shariah governance, religious authority, and socio-political contestation. The study analyzes how fatwas operate as vital instruments within the shariah governance framework in Indonesia, through a mechanism of indirect legalization. DSN–MUI, as a non-state institution, acquires operational power for its fatwas via incorporation into state regulations. However, despite the recognition, this research argues that the institutional role of DSN–MUI is characterized by specific jurisdictional and structural boundaries stemming from its status as a civil society organization. These role limitations create a contested normative space, that facilitates the emergence of alternative religious authorities. Through what this study conceptualizes as "Salafinomics," the Salafi community affiliated with Perhimpunan Al-Irsyad rises to challenge DSN–MUI's interpretive dominance. Utilizing a qualitative case study approach, this research identifies a sharp epistemological divide. On the one hand, DSN–MUI adopts a pragmatic and contextualist methodology, employing makhārij fiqhiyyah, and is influenced by the Al-Azhar intellectual tradition. On the other hand, Salafi actors adhere to a strict textualist and literalist approach influenced by Ibn Taymiyah references and Saudi-trained scholarly orientations. These methodological differences are manifested in significant disagreements over many issues. Religiously, sociologically, and politically, this contestation is expressed through five dimensions: the struggle between legal-rational and moral-normative legitimacy, substantive juristic debates, a communication gap resulting in the symbolic marginalization of Salafi actors, divergent dissemination strategies using formal vs. digital-grassroots channels, and a scholarly rivalry between Egyptian and Saudi-trained alumni. Ultimately, the dissertation concludes that the persistent delegitimization of official fatwas by influential Salafi preachers poses a risk for public trust in the national Islamic financial ecosystem. Therefore, proactive institutional harmonization is necessitated to safeguard social cohesion and industry stability.
Rethinking teacher well-being in Indonesian early childhood education : unpacking the interplay of empathy, burnout, and teacher efficacy
Syifa Mufiedatussalam; Charyna Ayu Rizkyanti; Lukman Nul Hakim (Universitas Islam Internasional Indonesia, 2026-07-26)
Early childhood education (ECE) is a critical stage that shapes a child's lifelong development, contributing to improved educational attainment, well-being, and future economic prospects. Ensuring optimal early childhood development is therefore a shared responsibility among parents, educators, governments, and society. Within this ecosystem, early childhood teachers play a pivotal role, yet they require adequate support to perform their duties optimally. Despite this critical role, empirical research on their well-being and the psychological factors influencing it remains limited, particularly within the Indonesian context. This concern motivated the present dissertation, which aims to contribute to the discourse on teacher well-being in ECE. Well-being is shaped by multiple psychological factors, three of which are empathy, burnout, and teacher efficacy. Accordingly, this study examines the interplay among these three constructs and teacher well-being among Indonesian early childhood teachers. Grounded in Seligman's Flourishing Theory as the overarching conceptual framework, this research integrates Hoffman's empathy theory, Maslach's burnout theory, and Bandura's social cognitive theory to conceptually model teacher well-being through these interrelated psychological dimensions. This study employed a quantitative, non-experimental, cross-sectional design, using non-probability convenience and quota sampling. Data were collected from 957 early childhood teachers across West Java through an online questionnaire comprising four instruments validated for the Indonesian ECE context via Rasch model analysis. Analysis proceeded in four stages: Rasch model analysis validated the instruments and generated logit scores to determine variable levels; one-way ANOVA and independent-samples t-tests examined differences across generation, educational background, and type of ECE; Pearson correlation examined associations among the four variables; and Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) determined the best-fitting structural model and predictive relationships among variables. Analyses were conducted using Bluesky Statistics version 10.3.4, Winsteps version 4.5.0, SPSS version 23, and SmartPLS version 4.0. Results showed that well-being, burnout, and teacher efficacy differed significantly across generation and type of ECE, and burnout differed significantly by educational background, while empathy showed no significant demographic differences. All four variables were significantly correlated in the theoretically expected directions. Structurally, empathy and teacher efficacy were significant positive predictors of well-being, while burnout was a significant negative predictor. Empathy also functioned as a foundational construct, shaping well-being both directly and indirectly by simultaneously reducing burnout and enhancing teacher efficacy. The final model explained 21.8% of the variance in teacher well-being. It is statistically significant but modest, suggesting other unmeasured factors also contribute meaningfully. Descriptively, teachers reported moderate well-being and high burnout, reflecting psychological vulnerability, alongside high to very high teacher efficacy and moderate empathy, indicating a complex environment where strong professional efficacy coexists with considerable occupational stress. These findings suggest that early childhood teacher well-being must be understood through the intersection of empathy, burnout, and teacher efficacy, rather than any single factor in isolation. Methodologically, this study contributes by integrating Rasch model analysis, inferential statistics, and PLS-SEM, strengthening the precision and rigor of the analytical process. Practically, the findings underscore the importance of comprehensive intervention programs addressing the multidimensional nature of teacher well-being. Future research should explore additional structural factors through longitudinal and qualitative approaches to verify instrument relevance, while policymakers are encouraged to design integrated programs strengthening professional empathy, preventing burnout, and enhancing teacher efficacy to achieve sustainable improvements in early childhood teacher well-being.
Circular supply chain management in Moroccan textile industry : analyzing market demand dynamics and economic behaviors
Fatih, Fatima Zahra; Fajar B. Hirawan; Dian Masyita; Danny Ibarra Vega (Universitas Islam Internasional Indonesia, 2026-07-17)
The application of circular economy (CE) practices in supply chains (SCs) is seen as a path towards more sustainable production and consumption systems, in which SCs become self-sustaining and extend the lifespan of materials. Significant increases in the implementation of circular supply chain management (CSCM) across Asian, American, and European countries in waste-intensive industries, such as textiles, has raised global awareness of CE's potential to address environmental issues. This dissertation examines the use of CSCM in the context of the Moroccan textile industry. In Morocco, the textile industry plays a pivotal role in the national economy. However, despite growing initiatives to develop a value chain for recycling textile waste, it still faces significant challenges in waste management and in the widespread adoption of CSCM. This dissertation identifies and prioritizes the drivers of CSCM in the Moroccan textile industry and examines their impact on market demand for circular textile products. It analyzes the dynamic behavior of the CSCM system in the Moroccan textile industry, explores the economic behavior of supply chain actors in response to demand for circular textile products, and identifies areas for improvement to strengthen the CSCM system. A sequential, integrated multi-quantitative analytical framework was employed within the Moroccan textile industry to achieve these research objectives. This framework combines Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM), and System Dynamics (SD). The overall conclusion of this dissertation is that supply chain players' involvement and responsiveness can improve the performance of the CSCM system and increase the fulfillment of demand for circular textile products. The results also suggest that policy support, such as subsidizing the costs of cotton recycling, can play a crucial role in promoting more sustainable practices by increasing reliance on recycled cotton, and improving economic outcomes. This research enriches studies of CSCM from the perspective of the Moroccan textile industry. It offers practical insights for policymakers and textile industry stakeholders seeking to improve sustainability and strengthen the CSCM system.
Financial inclusion and carbon emissions in Sub-Saharan Africa : the moderating role of governance effectiveness
Khan, Ebrima; Taridi Kasbi Ridho; Aimatul Yumna (Universitas Islam Internasional Indonesia, 2026-07-23)
This study examines the relationship between financial inclusion and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in Sub-Saharan Africa, with governance effectiveness as a moderating variable. Despite rapid financial sector expansion across the region, the environmental consequences of financial deepening remain poorly understood, particularly in the context of weak institutions and fossil-fuel-dependent energy systems. This study employs a balanced panel dataset of 43 Sub-Saharan African countries over the period 2004–2024. A composite Financial Inclusion Index (CFII) was constructed using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) applied to five indicators covering the access and usage dimensions of formal financial services. Metric tons per capita is used to measure the Carbon emission proxy in this study, while governance effective estimates ranging from -2.5 - + 2.5 is adopted as the moderating variable. The econometric models were estimated using Fixed Effects with Driscoll-Kraay standard errors following diagnostic tests confirming heteroskedasticity, serial correlation, and cross-sectional dependence. The results reveal that financial inclusion significantly increases CO2 emissions, confirming that the scale effect dominates under current structural conditions. Governance effectiveness significantly attenuates this positive effect, establishing that stronger institutions redirect financial flows toward environmentally sustainable activities. The EKC hypothesis is confirmed but it indicate that all SSA countries remain on the upward emission segment. Colonial group analysis reveals that the pollution-intensifying effect is largest in former French colonies and smallest in Other colonial groups, reflecting inherited institutional quality gradients. The study concludes that financial inclusion must be pursued alongside governance reforms, green finance integration, and clean energy transition to achieve sustainable development outcomes in Sub-Saharan Africa.