Universitas Islam Internasional Indonesia Repository
The UIII Repository is an open-access repository as a service of the UIII Library that provides long-term access to digital content related to valuable research outputs and knowledge products.
Communities in Universitas Islam Internasional Indonesia
Select a community to browse its collections.
Recent Submissions
Islamic hybridity and meaning-making : Islam Langkah Lama of the Talang Mamak in Riau, Indonesia
Rifqi Nurdiansyah; Yanwar Pribadi; Zacky Khairul Umam (Universitas Islam Internasional Indonesia, 2026-06-03)
This study investigates the religious and cultural system of the Talang Mamak ethnic group in Riau, Sumatra, locally known as Islam Langkah Lama. Historically marginalized within both academic and theological discourses, this community's practices have frequently been mischaracterized as animism, dynamism, or "syncretic Islam", a term heavily burdened by normative, hierarchical, and pejorative connotations. Challenging these reductionist classifications, this dissertation proposes the framework of Islamic Hybridity. Drawing upon Homi K. Bhabha's concept of the "Third Space," this study views Islam not as a static doctrinal essence, but as an evolving, power-laden cultural formation. To address the anti-essentialist limitations of postcolonial theory, this research introduces the concept of Bounded Hybridity. Unlike the endlessly fluid hybridity of conventional theory, the Islamic Hybridity of the Talang Mamak retains a definitive essence, firmly anchored by a stable ontological horizon: the Shahadah (profession of faith) and the principle of Tawhid. These findings are examines Islam Langkah Lama across four interconnected domains. First, it explores Cultural Hybridity, initiated in the fourteenth century through the adoption of Minangkabau Adat, specifically the Bodi-Caniago harmony, via Datuk Patih Nan Sabatang. Operating as a mode of mimicry, the Talang Mamak rearticulated these traditions to form the ecological bedrock of their forest-dwelling society. Second, it analyzes Political Hybridity, which emerged in the sixteenth century under the Indragiri Sultanate. Functioning as as hamba raja (royal subjects) and bounded by sacred oath (sumpah sakti), the community integrated Islamic socio-legal elements under the protection of the Sultanate. Crucially, this era, followed by the later diaspora of Banjar Muslims, facilitated the circulation of texts like the Kitab Barencong, laying the theological foundation of wahdat al-wujud (Unity of Being). Third, the study uncovers Religious Hybridity in the postcolonial era, observing the community's negotiation with state-enforced religious institutionalization, Catholicism (Langkah Baru), and reformist Islam (Islam Langkah Baru). Despite these external pressures, the epistemological authority of Islam Langkah Lama remains the resilient core through which all affiliations are negotiated. Fourth, the study examines the Meaning-Making Process as the ultimate framework of this hybridity, demonstrating how the Talang Mamak continually reproduce and localize Islamic meaning. Grounded in wahdat al-wujud metaphysics and the integration of practices like do'a and dhikr, this epistemological foundation clarifies their perceived inattention to formal sharia. Rather than a theological deviation, their practices reveal a profoundly lived Sufi substratum. What outsiders often dismiss as "shamanistic" rituals are, in fact, vital mediating pathways to the Divine unseen (Allah Raib). This transcendent dimension is complemented by the visible manifestation of Divine truth embodied in the Prophet (Muhammad Nyata), linked to the concept of Nur Muhammad. By navigating this Third Space of ambiguity and negotiation, the community seamlessly integrates intermediary rituals while maintaining the absolute core of Tawhid, providing Islam Langkah Lama with the spiritual elasticity to remain resilient and adaptive.
Rethinking legal pluralism : minority adjudicative rights between pre-modern Islam and the modern nation-state
Adam Ridho Muzakki; Zezen Zaenal Mutaqin (Universitas Islam Internasional Indonesia, 2026-07-21)
Article 2 section 1 of the Indonesian Marriage Law (Law no. 1 of 1974), which grounds the validity of a marriage in the religious law of the contracting parties is commonly read as evidence of the state accommodation of legal pluralism. This thesis contests that reading. Taking the adjudication of religious minorities in Muslim-majority states, this thesis advances a structural critique of the modern nation-state capacity to accommodate legal pluralism. In Indonesian context, the Muslim majority resolves dissolution within a state-facilitated religious court that preserves religious normativity, while the non-Muslim minority resolves it within the civil judiciary of National District Court on civil statutory grounds alone. Against the argument that legal pluralism accommodated by the modern state, this thesis argues that the pre-modern Islamic legal framework constitutes a wider pluralism in both internal and external aspects. Pre-modern Islam further extends toleration of religious difference than the modern nation-state framework permits. This thesis demonstrates that the Catholic marriage-dissolution decisions from the Depok National Court records between 2018 and 2023 shows that the court dissolves the marriage on statutory grounds alone and declines to recognize Catholic religious normativity as a relevant legal source. Through most similar case comparison, the study sets Indonesia against Egypt as a modern post-colonial Muslim-majority state that preserves substantive religious-based law regulated by a public-policy. The analysis proceeds through colonial and post-colonial legal texts, with the Catholic minority in Indonesia and the Coptic minority in Egypt as the sub-cases. The Egyptian public-policy mechanism sustains religious normativity at both the formation and the dissolution of marriage, whereas the Indonesian arrangement preserves it only at formation, which establishes the subsumption of Catholic adjudication as contingent on a particular state configuration rather than determined by Muslim-majority governance.
Trump tariff-induced export shocks and systemic risk : evidence from dual banking systems
Novia Sari; Hamidi, M. Luthfi (Universitas Islam Internasional Indonesia, 2026-07-15)
This thesis investigates the transmission of export shocks into the macroeconomic and financial system of four emerging market countries with dual banking systems: Indonesia, Malaysia, Pakistan, and Türkiye under the Trump Tariff 2.0 regime (2025). Work in the fields of trade economics and the stability of banking systems attends to single links in this chain but does not document the whole path. The study builds an integrated four-stage transmission model for 2015-2025 comprising GBM macroeconomic forecasting, panel fixed-effects estimation of export-to-macro and macro-to-bank elasticities, Bayesian Spatial Autoregressive (B-SAR) network spillover estimation, and the construction of the Spillover Vulnerability Index (SVI) as a forward-looking macroprudential monitoring instrument. The resilience of Islam banks is limited and not uniform across countries. Islamic banks are found to be less vulnerable than conventional banks in Indonesia and in Türkiye, while the most institutionally developed segment of the sample, namely the Islamic banks in Malaysia, are more vulnerable than their conventional banking peers, which is consistent with the likelihood of correlated fragility due to the product standardization and uniformity in Shariah banks. The tariff shock deepens the interdependence of networks in every country, and two regimes emerge: a contagion regime for Pakistani and Turkish conventional banks, where stressed banks shrink and the healthier ones grow, and a competitive differentiation regime for Malaysian Islamic banks, where stressed banks shrink and healthy banks expand and take over the dislodged demand, producing concentration risk instead of correlated contagion. The most extreme amplification observed in the sample is related to network spillovers, which explain 48.0 percent of the variance in banks' outcomes in Pakistan after the tariff is imposed. A structural decoupling emerges: Türkiye is the most vulnerable, while Pakistan experiences the most intense amplification. For the first time, the thesis describes the entire chain of transmission in dual banking emerging markets and introduces the concept of competitive differentiation as a new fragility mechanism, whilst also providing network-level evidence that institutional maturity in Islamic banking can lead to the emergence of systemic risk. The stress tests would be based on announced tariff rates only and fail to prioritise the different banking systems at risk at the right level.
Evaluating Digital Pakistan Policy : evidence on firm innovation
Khan, Filza; Teguh Yudo Wicaksono (Universitas Islam Internasional Indonesia, 2026-07-15)
This thesis offers the first quasi-experimental evaluation of Pakistan's Digital Pakistan Policy 2018 on firm-level innovation, using a matched panel of 200 firms from three waves of the World Bank Enterprise Survey (WBES) (2007, 2013, and 2022). The empirical strategy combines a Difference-in-Differences (DiD) design with an event-study and a placebo extension, comparing high- and medium-technology manufacturing firms (treatment) with the low-technology manufacturing, retail, and services firms (control). Two-way fixed effects absorb time-invariant firm heterogeneity and province-specific shocks; standard errors are clustered at the firm level. The study addresses three questions: (1) Did the Digital Pakistan Policy generate differential changes in product/service and process innovation between treated and control firms? (2) Which firm-level capabilities explain innovation in Pakistan's enterprise sector? (3) Did the policy alter export participation among tradable manufacturing firms? DiD estimates reveal an asymmetric pattern. The differential effect on product/service innovation is small and statistically insignificant. The differential effect on process innovation is positive under the firm- and province-year fixed-effects specification, reaching 10% significance. The differential effect on export participation is statistically insignificant once firm and province-year fixed effects are absorbed. Read together, the evidence is consistent with a policy whose firm-level reach was narrow and concentrated in operational, efficiency-oriented improvements rather than in new product development or export expansion. The mechanism analysis is the strongest empirical component of the study. Formal employee training and access to external finance emerge as the strongest correlates of innovation. Training is associated with both product/service and process innovation, while access to external finance is associated with higher process innovation only. These are within-firm associations rather than identified causal effects. The thesis makes three contributions. It provides the first quasi-experimental evidence on the Digital Pakistan Policy's firm-level effects and demonstrates that careful DiD identification is feasible on the WBES Pakistan matched panel despite a small treated cell and the data constraints of a developing-country survey. It documents that ambitious digital policy in a weak-institution setting did not generate the broad firm-level innovation response its design implied, while identifying training and finance as the firm-level capabilities that explain innovation. Finally, it cautions against treating digital policy announcements as substitutes for firm-level capability building and supports pairing future iterations of the Digital Pakistan Policy with targeted instruments in skills development and SME finance.
The village-level place-based policy in Eastern Indonesia : evidence from the Integrated Village Economic Transformation Program
Ahmad Abdul Wahid; Teguh Yudo Wicaksono (Universitas Islam Internasional Indonesia, 2026-07-15)
This study evaluates the impact of the Integrated Village Economic Transformation (TEKAD) program as a village-level Place-Based Policy (PBP) intervention model that utilizes a Community-Driven Development (CDD) approach. The program has been operational since 2021, targeting 1,110 villages spread across the provinces of Maluku, North Maluku, East Nusa Tenggara, and Papua regions. Nevertheless, the impact of the TEKAD program design has never been quantitatively evaluated yet. This study is a quasi-experimental evaluation of the TEKAD program that utilizes staggered analysis and the Village Potential Survey (PODES) panel data by BPS-Statistics Indonesia covering the period from 2014 to 2025, combined with satellite data from the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) Night-Time Light. Using Two-Way Fixed Effects (TWFE) with clustered standard errors at the district level and a staggered Difference-in-Differences (DiD) approach using the Callaway and Sant'Anna estimator, the results show that the TEKAD program exerts a partial impact on economic transformation in Phase I villages and financial access in Phase II villages. Meanwhile, the program's impact on multidimensional poverty is only demonstrated by a decrease in the issuance of Poverty Certificates (SKTM) in Phase II villages. Furthermore, in the institutional dimension, the program has stronger effects in increasing the number of Village-Owned Enterprises (BUM Desa) business units and the adoption of the Village Financial System (VFS) in villages with a lower baseline. This study has several limitations: first, PODES data is only available at the village level as a proxy and does not capture impacts on household income and institutional quality. Second, the post-treatment observation period remains limited and is unable to capture anticipation and long-term effects. Third, the availability of variables across PODES periods restricts the number of indicators that can be tested. Fourth, Night-Time Light imagery proves insensitive to capturing daytime economic activities in rural areas dominated by the agricultural sector. Future research is recommended to use a more differentiated approach between Phase I and Phase II villages, integration with financial service expansion programs, qualitative validation of the reduction in SKTM, and program designs that incorporate resilience components against external shocks. The use of household-level data, a longer time horizon, a mixed-methods approach, and alternative satellite data such as NDVI and the Built-Up Index are recommended to complement and validate the baseline findings of this study.