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The impact of terrorist attacks on foreign direct investment : evidence from the Muslim world
(Universitas Islam Internasional Indonesia, 2024) Ghulam Ruchma Algiffary; Ridwan; Samuel David Blanch; Afrimadona
Do terrorist attacks with target variations affect foreign direct investment in the Muslim World? This thesis uses the panel data regression method (time-series and crossunits) with a quantitative approach based on 47 Muslim countries over 20 years to answer the question. The estimation model selected to provide the best prediction results in this research data is the random effect model. This thesis uses Stata 17 software as a panel data processing tool. The prediction result of this thesis is the impact of five variations of terrorist attack targets (business, tourist, government, police, and transportation) on foreign direct investment in the year after the attack. The Muslim World is the object of study because foreign direct investment is the main source of economic prosperity in these countries. The classification of terrorist attack variations is useful to determine the specific impact on foreign direct investment. The hypothesis and rationalization for determining research variables are based on Simon's political risk analysis. Political risk illustrates the classification of terrorist attack variations in affecting foreign investment assets and government. The vulnerability of Muslim countries in the face of political conflict (terrorism) and their dependence on foreign direct investment to support their respective macroeconomies makes this topic a necessary area of study. This thesis found that terrorist attacks on business targets (negative impact), police (negative impact), and government (positive impact) have a significant impact on foreign direct investment in the Muslim World. Meanwhile, terrorist attacks on tourist and transportation targets have no significant impact. Four variables that are the main components of FDI were included in the model to eliminate bias in the statistical calculation (OVB). The four variables are political globalization, political stability, trade openness, and Gross Domestic Product (GDP).
The politics of ahl as-sunnah : adapting tharīqah ‘alawiyyah in Indonesian politics
(Universitas Islam Internasional Indonesia, 2024) Ahmad Rizki; Syamsul Rijal
Tharīqah 'Alawiyyah is a Sufi order that was initially centered in Hadramaut, Yemen, but has now spread to Indonesia along with the Hadhrami diaspora and is closely associated with the Bā'alawī family. The founder of this order, Imam Faqīh Muqaddam, adopted a passive stance towards politics in the 12th century, setting an example for his followers, even though Imam Haddad later revitalized the order; this passive stance remains strong in Hadramaut to this day. In contrast, some figures of Tharīqah 'Alawiyyah in Indonesia are now active in politics, with Habib Luthfi bin Yahya being one of the most prominent. On various occasions, he has expressed his active support for presidential candidates in Indonesian elections. Additionally, under Habib Luthfi, the practices of Tharīqah 'Alawiyyah in Indonesia have undergone various adaptations in their rituals and teachings. This thesis will investigate how Tharīqah 'Alawiyyah adapts to the sociopolitical situation in Indonesia. The thesis aims to illustrate how Habib Luthfi adapts the teachings of Tharīqah 'Alawiyyah to support his lineage, Sufism, and politics by answering two main research questions: How did the dynamics of adaptation occur within Tharīqah 'Alawiyyah to accommodate the socio-political conditions in Indonesia before and after independence? How does Habib Luthfi appropriate Tharīqah 'Alawiyyah in dealing with contemporary socio-political developments in Indonesia? This research is conducted through qualitative methods and a historical approach that integrates scientific literature studies with ethnographic research on the adaptation of Tharīqah 'Alawiyyah in the sociopolitical dynamics of Indonesia. This thesis argues that Habib Luthfi has successfully adapted Tharīqah 'Alawiyyah to address the current socio-political dynamics in Indonesia. The thesis contends that Tharīqah 'Alawiyyah in Indonesia has undergone various adaptations and transformations in response to political dynamics, such as colonialism, which limited their activities in the Netherlands East Indies, as well as national issues that required them to assimilate into Indonesian society. A contributing factor to this adaptation is the way Arab culture has acculturated with Indonesian culture. Habib Luthfi also successfully built a hierarchical relationship between the mursyid (spiritual guide) and the murid (spiritual disciple), placing him in a prestigious position within Indonesian Muslim society. His success is inseparable from the mutually beneficial relationship between Habib Luthfi, who, through his hierarchical influence, can maintain national stability, and the state, which assists Habib Luthfi in building his congregation.
Preserving privacy and sustainability as Islamic architectural values through repurposing historical residential buildings within the medina of Tunis
(Universitas Islam Internasional Indonesia, 2024) Benlakhdhar, Eya; Mughzi Abdillah
The Medina of Tunis, a historical and architectural gem, exemplifies the intricate relationship between urban planning, socio-cultural dynamics, and Islamic values. This thesis delves into the Medina’s evolution from its founding during the 7th century Muslim Arab conquest to its architectural and cultural zenith under the Hafsids, and through subsequent periods of transformation. Despite efforts to preserve its rich heritage, contemporary adaptive reuse practices often prioritize aesthetics over the integral Islamic principles embedded within its architecture. This research focuses on the adaptive reuse of historic Islamic residential buildings, particularly examining Dar Ben Gacem as a case study to explore the impact of such transformations on the Medina’s architectural and cultural heritage. The research investigates how the conversion of these buildings into non-residential uses affects core Islamic values such as privacy, sustainability, modesty, humility, and hospitality. By conducting qualitative research methods, including observations, site visits, and interviews with key stakeholders and entrepreneurs like Amel Meddeb and Leila Ben Gacem, the research aims to provide a nuanced understanding of the implications of adaptive reuse on the Medina’s architectural integrity and Islamic identity. The findings reveal a balance between preserving historical aesthetics and maintaining the functional and spiritual essence of Islamic architecture. The study emphasizes the need for a paradigm shift in heritage management, advocating for a deeper consideration of Islamic principles in the adaptive reuse of historic buildings. This approach ensures the Medina’s cultural and religious heritage is upheld while accommodating modern economic and social needs. In conclusion, this thesis underscores the Medina of Tunis as a resilient urban space where adaptive reuse, when guided by Islamic values, can foster economic development, preserve cultural identity, and maintain architectural integrity. The Medina stands as a model for Islamic historic cities worldwide, demonstrating how to honor the past while embracing contemporary innovations.
Exploring the role of peer relationships in student wellbeing : a case study of female students in junior high school at a modern pesantren in Indonesia
(Universitas Islam Internasional Indonesia, 2024) Salsabila Abdul Ghofur; Bambang Sumintono; Tati Lathipatud Durriyah
The well-being of students in educational institutions is influenced by many factors including their peer relationships. In the context of a modern Pesantren—an Islamic boarding school in Indonesia—these relationships are especially significant due to the close-knit communal living arrangements and the integration of religious and modern education. This study aims to explore the dynamics of peer relationships among female students in a modern Pesantren and examine their impact on various aspects of student well-being, including social relationships, emotional support, self-perception, autonomy, and mental health. A qualitative methodology was employed, involving semi-structured interviews with a purposively selected sample of female students at a modern Pesantren in Indonesia. Additionally, observation and focus group discussions were utilized to triangulate the data. The findings reveal that supportive peer relationships significantly enhance the students' emotional and social wellbeing. Students reported a high degree of acceptance and comfort within their peer groups, contributing to positive self-perception and mental health. The communal environment of the Pesantren, characterized by shared activities and collective experiences, fosters a strong sense of belonging and emotional security. Moreover, the implementation of the Pesantren's foundational principles, such as Panca Jiwa, Panca Jangka, and Panca Bina, plays a crucial role in promoting a nurturing and inclusive environment. This study concludes that fostering strong peer relationships in educational settings like Pesantren is essential for the holistic development of students. The findings underscore the importance of creating supportive and inclusive social environments to enhance student well-being, with implications for educational practices and policies in similar contexts. This research contributes to the broader discourse on student well-being and peer relationships in educational settings by providing a deeper understanding of the social dynamics within Pesantren.
The durability of religion in the secular age : religionization in Indonesia
(Faculty of Ushuluddin and Dakwah, Universitas Islam Negeri Raden Mas Said Surakarta, 2023-06-30) Alamsyah M Djafar; Unaesah Rahmah
The global intensification of religionization has raised renewed questions about the validity of the secularization thesis. Research supporting the secularization thesis suggested an alternative perspective, emphasizing the correlation between security levels and religious adherence. It posits that as security levels rise, the reliance on religion diminishes, whereas in contexts of low security, the need for religion intensifies. An examination of the trajectories and dynamics of secularization in Indonesia reveals that among the Muslim middle class, secularization has alleviated feelings of insecurity arising from socio-political crises. Such observations suggest that historical trajectories of religionization are intricately linked to these socio-political dynamics. Furthermore, initiatives by the government and political organizations that endorse religion as a preferred choice expedite this transition towards religionization. This study uses process tracing by dividing the historical process into three periods and comparing them analytically to explain the causal mechanism among modernization, secularization, and religionization.