Universitas Islam Internasional Indonesia Repository
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Women leadership at higher education in Indonesia and Malaysia : a comparative study on muslim society
(Universitas Islam Internasional Indonesia, 2024) Alifi Zahratul Adha; Syafiq Hasyim
This study explores the leadership experiences of women in Indonesia and Malaysia at universities. As is currently being discussed, women's leadership is still below 30%, both in the government and education sectors, even though there are many governments and non-government programs that emphasize the importance of women's leadership and also about the rights of women who should also be able to lead, such as SDGS number 5 which socializes the importance of gender equality in various sectors. This phenomenon persists despite significant progress made in increasing women's participation in higher education. Here researchers explore the history, reasons and solutions for the lag behind women in leadership at universities in Muslim-majority countries, namely Indonesia and Malaysia. Using qualitative methods, researchers conducted literature studies and also interviewed several faculty deans from both Indonesia and Malaysia. And the glass ceiling theory explains that there are obstacles for women to advance to higher levels of office, so that it is difficult for women to become leaders. And in this research, researchers found that several factors with the most influential values, such as religious interpretation and patriarchy, are no longer strong barriers. The results of this research in interviews show that women in Indonesia and Malaysia do not have a mature readiness to lead and prioritize family in comparison. leadership itself. This is certainly caused by various factors such as the lack of leadership training for women. By acknowledging and addressing the cultural, religious, and institutional barriers that hinder women's leadership, this study proposes strategies for bridging the gender gap in senior academic leadership and promoting gender justice and equality in these contexts. Finally, this research contributes to a deeper understanding of the complex factors that shape women's leadership in higher education and suggest practices that can help to break the glass ceiling and promote women's empowerment in these two countries.
Gezi park protest and the coup d’etat : EU democratic conditionality in Turkiye’s frozen accession negotiations
(Universitas Islam Internasional Indonesia, 2024) Khairunnas; Nia Deliana; A'an Suryana
Turkiye's desire to become a part of the European Union has existed even before the country became a republic, championed by the republicans of the country who view Europe as a source of economic, political, and social progress. Turkiye is the country that has been in the accession process, called accession negotiations, the longest, a process that every candidate country must go through. The glimmer of hope in these accession negotiations was finally extinguished in 2018 when the process was put on standstill by the Council of the European Union. "Standstill" is actually a somewhat ambiguous status because it does not specify in detail whether Turkiye's accession negotiations have been canceled or will not be continued. Furthermore, the reason for the standstill status was not explicitly stated in the decision issued, such as what event or Turkish government policy was considered the most significant contributing factor to the decision to put the accession negotiations on standstill. Scholars also provide various interpretations regarding the most contributing factors, including increased authoritarianism under the leadership of the AKP, territorial disputes with Greece, the Cyprus conflict, and cultural and social differences between Turkiye and European societies. This thesis argues that there are two major events considered to have significantly contributed to the council's decision to put the process on standstill. These events are analyzed using democratic conditionality theory and the process tracing research method on the two cases. Additionally, this research validates findings by comparing them with the scholarly statements made by three scholars concerned with Turkiye and the European Union.
The impact of tourism development on CO2 emissions : evidence from ASEAN economies
(Universitas Islam Internasional Indonesia, 2024) Arif Rahman; Rizky Wisnoentoro; Dionisius Ardiyanto Narjoko
For several decades, the tourism sector has played a pivotal role in driving economic growth across ASEAN economies. However, the sector now faces significant challenges due to its vulnerability to climate change. This study investigates the correlation between the growth of the tourism industry and CO2 emissions in ASEAN countries from 2010 to 2019. Utilizing a random effects model, we analyse the impact of tourism on CO2 emissions, a key contributor to climate change. The results indicate that sustainable tourism practices, such as ecotourism, sustainable tourism and cultural tourism, can significantly reduce CO2 emissions by promoting biodiversity and preserving natural beauty. Furthermore, the study finds a positive correlation between real GDP per capita, energy intensity, and carbon emissions. The regression results confirm that international tourists prefer less-polluting destinations with efficient infrastructure, indicating a strong attraction to environmentally friendly travel options in ASEAN economies. This preference has significant implications for sustainable tourism development in ASEAN economies. Policy recommendations include pursuing sustainable, eco-friendly tourism through comprehensive and integrated sustainable tourism policies. These policies should focus on maintaining environmental quality, promoting green infrastructure, adopting clean technologies, and preserving forests to attract foreign tourists while minimizing environmental impact. Ultimately, integrated sustainable tourism policies will position ASEAN as a leading sustainable and eco-friendly destination, fostering both economic growth and environmental stewardship. By implementing these recommendations, ASEAN countries can balance economic development with environmental sustainability, contributing to the global effort against climate change.
Unravelling the dynamics of authoritarian strategies : a comparative study of Suharto’s new order in Indonesia and Jammeh’s rule in the Gambia
(Universitas Islam Internasional Indonesia, 2024) Bah, Musa; Gde Dwitya Arief Metera; Djayadi Hanan
The dynamics of authoritarian power consolidation is receiving more attention today than it has ever been before as a result of rising authoritarianism and democratic backsliding. However, there exists an undertheorized and variations on autocrat’s decision calculus for prioritizing repression over co-optation, vice versa. Drawing from this, I make two assumptions that state: 1. Low resource endowment leads to high repression, and 2. High resource endowment leads to low repression and high co-optation. To understand this phenomenon, I compared Yahya Jammeh (1994–2016) in the Gambia (a low resource authoritarian regime) and Suharto (1966–1998) in Indonesia (a high resource authoritarian regime). I used the Gambian case (1994-2016) to explain the first assumption, and the second assumption is examined using the case of Indonesia (1965-1998). By observation, both regimes on the surface appear similar as both were military juntas in Muslimmajority countries. However, the literature shows that their authoritarian strategies and tactics varied in profoundly – Jammeh primarily imposed repression as strategy, whereas Suharto was inclined more towards co-optation. However, I do not argue that this explanation is exclusive, as it is context dependent. To examine this phenomenon, I drew data from government websites, international reports, journal articles, news outlets, and other online resources. Thus, this study intends to contribute to the understanding of autocrats’ decision-making strategyies.
The impact of ESG implementation on financial performance : a case study of Indonesia stock market
(Universitas Islam Internasional Indonesia, 2024) Dio Darmawan; Fajar B. Hirawan; Dionisius Ardiyanto Narjoko
This Study examines whether there is a relationship among companies between disclosure of environmental, social, and governance (ESG), operational performance (ROA), financial performance (ROE), market performance (Tobin’s Q), and market value (PER). And if these relationships are positive, negative, or simply neutral. This study aims to assess the influence of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) implementation in Indonesia, comparing it to the situations in Japan and South Korea. It will consider the discrepancies in results found in previous studies conducted in other countries. Panel regression analysis was used to examine the study hypothesis. The study sample from companies listed on the Jakarta Composite Index with a total sample of 87 companies or 696 observations for the period 2015 to 2022 is used. During the given observation period, the sample data from Japan, as reported on the Nikkei 225 Index, consisted of 221 firms, totaling 1768 during the observation time. Similarly, South Korea, as listed on the Kospi Index, has a sample size of 294 companies, totaling 2352 throughout the observation period. The analysis indicates that the introduction of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) practices in Indonesia has a significant negative impact on market performance, particularly measured by Tobin's Q. ESG implementation has no significant impact on other variables. The comparison of countries shows vary. The implementation of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) practices in Japan has a significant negative influence on Return on Assets (ROA) and Tobin's Q. Meanwhile, South Korea has a negative relationship with market value as measured by PER.