Renegotiating piety, identity, and modernity : Islamic education system of Salafi women in Lampung

Abstract

The rapid development of gender studies has given rise to various feminist movements worldwide, leading to a wide range of perspectives on gender equality issues. Conservative and progressive groups have emerged, each holding their own interpretations of the relationships between men and women. Salafi women, who adhere to a patriarchal and conservative system, are often seen as passive and subordinated by secular liberal feminists. However, they also play an active role in spaces where men were previously dominant. This aligns with the growing number of Salafi followers and their educational institutions. This research aims to: 1. Explore the curriculum and the women's program at the Salafi Islamic boarding school; 2. Understand the implementation of the curriculum and the women's program which justify their practice of what they practise as authentic Islam; 3. Know how Salafi women negotiate piety, identity, and modernity with the existing relationship between men and women within the Salafi circle. This study employed a qualitative methodology using a case study approach. Data were collected through three distinct methods: Document analysis, which included the review of curricula, lesson plans, and specific school rules. Observations to assess interactions between teachers and students, peer interactions among students, and the overall learning process. Interviews with six participants, comprising three teachers and three students. A triangulation method, drawing on multiple data sources, was employed to analyses the data, this ensured the credibility and validity of the findings. The findings of this research showed: (1) The Islamic boarding school of Salafi women has embraced educational autonomy by integrating its curriculum with elements sourced from the Middle East. Gontor, and the Ministry of Religious Affairs. In addition, the women's program at this school is implemented through extracurricular activities such as sports and entrepreneurship. Moreover, there are special classes like Tarbiyah al-nisa and Figh subjects. (2) They use the Qur'an and Hadith as the main sources of their practice particularly concerning women's issues. They refer to lessons that come directly from the Middle East and consistently implement the knowledge gained in their everyday lives. (3) They focus on studying religious sciences and emphasize personal piety. They reinterpret the concepts and practices of Salafi teachings without intending to oppose or discard them. They also utilize advances in technology and information as a foundation for da'wah. In this setting, women, as active participants, harmonize and negotiate with modernity rather than defying the system. This allows them to follow divine orders while remaining relevant in modern society.