Theses - Economics

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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14576/27

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Browsing Theses - Economics by Author "Herbert Wilbert Victor Hasudungan"

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    The demand analysis for electric and fuel-based engine vehicles in Asian countries : a study from the year 2010-2022
    (Universitas Islam Internasional Indonesia, 2023) Zamani, Sayed Mustafa; Herbert Wilbert Victor Hasudungan; Teguh Yudo Wicaksono
    Electric vehicles are gaining popularity as an environmentally beneficial innovation, offering a potential long-term solution to global energy constraints and pollution concerns. Despite their advantages, the demand for EVs in many Asian countries has not experienced substantial growth. Understanding the influential factors behind EV demand in this region is crucial to promote their adoption and addressing environmental challenges effectively. This study aims to examine the demand for electric vehicles in Asian nations as well as its substitution effect on those of fuel-based engine type. This study empirically investigates the factors that influence the demand for EVs. We apply a panel data regression model to analyze the relationships between GDP, inflation, EVs price, gasoline price, and quantity of charging stations from the year 2010 to 2022 in Asia. It is found that the EV market growth in India and ASEAN member countries is negligible. However, fuel-based vehicles are still dominating the vehicle market, especially in India and ASEAN member countries. In addition, the findings also indicate that GDP, EV prices, and the quantity of charging stations have a positive and significant impact on consumer demand in Asian countries. Overall, the study suggests that each country's policies should balance their domestic purchasing power, increase the development of charging infrastructures; and provide a well-designed scheme of incentives to harmonize the transition from conventional vehicles to EVS in the transportation sector.
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    The determinants of biodiesel price in Indonesia : a var model analysis
    (Universitas Islam Internasional Indonesia, 2023) Junejo, Safiullah; Herbert Wilbert Victor Hasudungan; Teguh Yudo Wicaksono
    As the world's largest biodiesel producer, Indonesia has undoubtedly made remarkable progress in biodiesel and gasoil fuel blending. Yet, despite the progress it makes, the country surprisingly still experiences significant volatility in biodiesel prices. This phenomenon raises a critical question about the factors driving these fluctuations, which apparently are still not adequately addressed by the existing literature. Notwithstanding, this study delves into the relationships between biodiesel prices and various potential determinants, namely crude palm oil (CPO). crude glycerin, catalyst, gasoil, methanol, and palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD). To investigate these complex relationships, the Vector Autoregressive (VAR) model was employed, given its robustness in capturing dynamic interdependencies between multiple time series. As for the data collection, the study relies on monthly data provided by Indonesia's Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources (MEMR) and Independent Commodity Intelligence Service (I.C.I.S) from 2016 to 2022. The VAR analysis reveals the nuanced influences of these variables on biodiesel prices. Specifically, it suggests that an increase in the prices of CPO, crude glycerin, catalyst, and PFAD positively affects biodiesel prices, whilst price shocks in gasoil and methanol inversely impact biodiesel prices. These findings provide valuable insights into the intricate dynamics governing biodiesel pricing in Indonesia, highlighting the necessity for a multi-factor approach when formulating pricing strategies. Consequently, this study's results inform policy decisions and industry practices to foster price stability, drive the growth of the biodiesel sector, and facilitate Indonesia's transition towards sustainable energy.
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    The determinates of carbon emission intensity on socio-economic indicators : a causal analysis in the ASEAN region
    (Universitas Islam Internasional Indonesia, 2023) Muhammad Ismail Sunni; Herbert Wilbert Victor Hasudungan; Fajar B. Hirawan
    The rapid economic growth experienced by the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) in recent decades has led to a significant increase in carbon emissions, exacerbating the global challenge of climate change. Despite the urgency of addressing this issue, there is a lack of comprehensive research examining the factors driving the rise in carbon emission intensity within the ASEAN region. As the world's third-largest emitter of greenhouse gases, it is imperative to understand the relationship between economic development, social development, technological development, and carbon emission intensity to inform effective policy development. This study aims to fill the research gap by investigating the determinants of carbon emission intensity in ASEAN and exploring the impact of economic development, social development, and technological development on this intensity. By utilizing quarterly panel data comprising 432 observations from 10 ASEAN countries spanning the period from 2010 to 2021, a fixed-effect model (FEM) is employed as the estimation approaches in EViews. Prior to estimation, the validity and reliability of the model are assessed through the Chow test, Hausman test, and Laggrange Multiplier test. Additionally, tests for multicollinearity and heteroscedasticity are conducted. The study reveals that among the examined variables, only foreign direct investment (FDI) from the economic development indicators does not exhibit a significant association with carbon emission intensity. Conversely, higher GDP, lower inflation rates, and limited technological development are found to be significantly linked to lower carbon emission intensity within the ASEAN region. Furthermore, two variables related to social development, namely the Human Development Index (HDI) and the GINI index, also do not demonstrate a significant relationship with carbon emission intensity. After applying the Granger causality test, the study reveals no significant mutual association between socioeconomic factors and carbon emission intensity. By addressing the critical research gap regarding the drivers of carbon emission intensity in ASEAN, this study has significant implications for policymakers and stakeholders. The findings provide valuable insights into the key factors influencing carbon emissions and offer evidence-based recommendations for the formulation of effective environmental policies.
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    The effect of consumer behavior on millennial Muslims decision in using Paylater : in the case of Shopee platform
    (Universitas Islam Internasional Indonesia, 2023) Reginia Ruzianti Jeni; Hamidi, M. Luthfi; Herbert Wilbert Victor Hasudungan
    Consumer behavior in the marketing concept only focuses on four main factors: economic, socio-cultural, personal, and psychological. Although consumer behavior has received extensive attention, religiosity, and innovation factors need to be explored more deeply as essential roles in determining fintech products, especially Pay Later in Muslim-majority countries. This study aims to analyze and evaluate the effect of consumer behavior on millennial Muslim decisions in selecting the paylater feature. Data sources come from primary and secondary data. This research uses quantitative methods with Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) techniques with Smart-PLS. The questionnaire method involved 250 millennial Muslims in Jakarta who used Shopee PayLater. The findings show that economic, socio-cultural, personal, psychological, and innovation factors significantly affect millennial Muslim's behavior and the decision to use Shopee PayLater. Then, religiosity has an insignificant effect on millennial Muslim's behavior and their decision to use Shopee PayLater. This research has the potential to provide theoretical and scientific knowledge. Academically, to serve as a resource and reference; practically, to give an overview of the impact of consumer behavior on consumer decisions to use Shopee PayLater.
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    The factors that influence earning response coefficient : in the context of Indonesian capital market in years 2015-2018
    (Universitas Islam Internasional Indonesia, 2023) Vincent Aurelio Benny; Dadang Muljawan; Herbert Wilbert Victor Hasudungan
    Every investor aims to invest in a company that continues to generate quarterly profits. Investors certainly want to invest in companies with quality earnings. This earnings quality is the result of well-applied operational management and financial standards. The earning response coefficient measures how the capital market interprets the information in earnings. The existence of quality earnings by the company could either strengthen or weaken the market's perception of the content of this earnings information, depending on the interpretation of the capital market. The role of corporate governance is expected to moderate the relationship between market perception and earnings quality so that it can be a good internal control and provide investors with some protection. The existence of a good corporate governance role will boost the company's reputation. Good corporate governance can strengthen the positive influence of earning quality on information content in accounting earnings. This empirical study tries to find the relationship between conservatism, a method of presenting numbers in financial statements, return on assets, asset turnover and earning quality with corporate governance as the moderation variable on earning response coefficient as the dependent variable. Purposive sampling and panel data regression analysis were used in this study to examine manufacturing firms in the primary and chemical industries listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) between 2015 and 2018. Key findings from this study found that conservatism, return on assets, and asset turnover have a significant effect on the earning response coefficient. It was also found that earnings quality, moderated by corporate governance, also affects the earning response coefficient.
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    The impact of trade openness, tariff, and globalization on food security in promoting resilience against global crisis in the ASEAN region
    (Universitas Islam Internasional Indonesia, 2023) Fahmi Alamil Huda; Aimatul Yumna; Herbert Wilbert Victor Hasudungan
    In 2023, many crises hit the world due to heated geopolitical conditions resulting from the war in Russia and Ukraine; the world situation was fragmented because of competition between the USA and PRC blocs, economic recovery due to COVID- 19 has shaken again, and food inflation was soaring high. The leading cause of food insecurity in ASEAN, which consists of most developing countries, is the lack of distribution access due to the affordability of logistics and food supplies. Most investors shift their investment preferences from the primary sector to manufacturing due to the volatility and high risk of assets. In 2020, in Asia, there were 78.7 million toddlers who were stunted, with the second majority in Southeast Asia (27.40%). Although most of the ASEAN member countries are connected geographically, the market share of ASEAN member countries in world trade is only 8.8%, so intra-trade relations are considered not optimal enough. This study aims to analyze the effect of three different trade openness indicators (trade openness, tariffs, and globalization) on the food security of Southeast Asian people in 2000-2021. The method used in this research is panel data, which combines pool least squares (PLS) and fixed effect models (FEM) by developing Beck and Katz's two panels corrected standard errors (PCSE): cross-section weights and SUR. Trade openness significantly affects the two pillars of food security: stability and utilization, with U-shaped results. Ad-valorem tariffs are significant and positive for the two pillars of food security: availability and utilization. Increasing taxes in Southeast Asia can improve the average dietary energy supply's adequacy; however, this can also increase the prevalence of stunting in children under five. It happens because the availability of abundant food in terms of quantity differs from the quality and safety of its consumption. The increase in globalization from an economic, political, and social perspective in Southeast Asia is significant for the four pillars of food security; if globalization is increased, then this can positively impact reducing cases of stunting and malnutrition; on the other hand, increasing globalization has harmed food availability and stability. Increasing one policy has a different impact. In the first stage, policy improvements can positively impact a pillar of food security. However, after reaching a turning point, there is a possibility that the increased policy will harm the other pillars. Therefore, it is necessary to choose an integrative policy trade-off and be able to solve problems better. This study suggests several main policy implications, namely building a more assertive trade policy based on the WTO and food safety technical rules that comply with WHO rules, increasing intra-trade within the ASEAN group, maintaining food price stability, encouraging investment in agriculture, promoting governance reforms. and strengthen the regional food security system in terms of production consumption, and distribution. Support policies are also needed regarding solid prevention efforts against stunting and malnutrition and digitalization (Agritec 4.0), which supports food availability. In addition, this research also suggests that ASEAN can continue to increase domestic food production for resilience to the global crisis.