Economics

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Open Access
Economic freedom and environmental performance : the impact of government size, legal system, and monetary stability on greenhouse gas emissions
(Universitas Islam Internasional Indonesia, 2024) Neng Zulfa Azhar; Dian Masyita; Teguh Yudo Wicaksono
This study aims to analyze the relationship between economic freedom and environmental performance specifically measured by per capita GHG emissions from 2010-2020 for OECD countries as well as non-OECD countries using fixed effects panel data regression. The results show that in OECD countries smaller government size has a significant and positive effect on GHG emissions, while in non-OECD countries, although there is a positive effect, it is not statistically significant. The legal system and property rights have a significant and negative effect in OECD countries, but in non-OECD countries, the impact is negative but lacks statistical significance. Additionally, the higher sound money in OECD countries is associated with a negative effect on GHG emissions, whereas in non-OECD countries, it has a positive effect and not significant. The EKC hypothesis is confirmed and significant in OECD countries indicating the existence of an inverted u-shaped link between GDP per capita and GHG emissions, while in non-OECD countries only the relationship is detected but not significant. Technological advancement is equally significant in increasing emissions in both OECD and non-OECD countries, as well as the influence of urbanization is equally influential in reducing emissions in both OECD and non-OECD countries. As for trade, while it has a positive effect in the nonOECD, it has a negative effect in the OECD. This research provides policy implications related to the role of government in mitigating the adverse impact of climate change and improving environmental performance through reducing emissions, one of which is through subsidy and tax regulations as well as strengthening the legal system and maintaining economic stability without sacrificing the environment in the observed countries.
Open Access
Examining the economic and non-economic fators on tax revenue in Indonesia
(Universitas Islam Internasional Indonesia, 2023) Adinda Rachmawati; Fajar B. Hirawan; Dian Masyita
Taxes are sometimes undermined by limitations on tax revenue measurement, despite the widespread consensus that taxes are typically a good policy instrument for evaluating the macroeconomic impact of the country's different tax policies. According to the Ministry of Finance, Indonesia's tax ratio has experienced volatile fluctuations over the past five years, and it is the third lowest of all ASEAN countries. This phenomenon can negatively impact tax revenue if not appropriately addressed by the government. This study considers various economic and non-economic indicators to assess the tax revenue. Inflation and unemployment are analyzed economically, while non-economic factors are trust and tax education. Investigating the relationship between these independent variables and tax revenue employs Panel Data Regression. The data utilized in this study were from the Directorate General of Taxes and the Central Bureau of Statistics (Badan Pusat Statistik/BPS) from 2015 to 2022. The analysis encompasses 34 provinces within Indonesia. The results of the Panel Data Regression indicate that inflation, tax education, and trust exhibit significant positive effects on tax revenue. In contrast, unemployment has an inverse impact on tax revenue. These findings offer valuable insights and recommendations to the government. The government should take a more proactive stance in managing inflation rates and addressing tax education. Tax revenue can be improved by effectively controlling one or more variables, thereby increasing tax revenue.
Embargo
The impact of digital infrastructure on the employment rate in ASEAN
(Universitas Islam Internasional Indonesia, 2024) Shellvy Lukito; Dian Masyita; Rizky Wisnoentoro
Neglecting the exponential expansion of digital infrastructure in ASEAN is impossible. This study investigates digital infrastructure's influence on the employment rate in ASEAN, where Singapore and Timor Leste are regarded as outliers. The variables that are being measured are as follows: fixed broadband subscriptions, fixed telephone subscriptions, internet usage, mobile cellular subscriptions, secondary school enrolment, GDP per employed person, inflation, GDP deflator, and employment to population ratio. The quantitative technique employed is panel regression data analysis, which is conducted using the Stata 17.0 application. this study employs the Heteroscedastic Panels Corrected Standard Errors (HPCSE) method to address the issue of heteroscedasticity in panel data. Additionally, the study utilizes the Feasible Generalized Least Squares (FGLS) approach in regression to obtain parameter estimates that are both efficient and consistent. This study reveals that Fixed broadband subscriptions positively affect the employment rate with a coefficient of 0.5211926 and a p-value of 0.000. Mobile cellular subscriptions also have a coefficient of 0.0359148 and a p-value of 0.064. However, GDP per person employed has a negative coefficient of -3.039084 and a p-value of 0.005. The findings of this study suggest that digital infrastructure is essential for developing job opportunities. Policies that prioritize the development of broadband and cellular access and consider the influence of productivity on the labor market can assist in developing strategies to increase work participation.
Open Access
The impact of microfinance on climate action and women empowerment : a case study of Koperasi Mitra Dhuafa (Komida)
(Universitas Islam Internasional Indonesia, 2023) Ashraf, Nihad; Aimatul Yumna; Dian Masyita
Climate action has been the global talk lately as the constant rise in temperatures causes a serious threat to the existence of some nations. Low and middle-income countries like Indonesia have not been spared from the effects. Moreover, women are already vulnerable in society and climate changes have added to the disaster. Microfinance has been known to alleviate poverty and promote economic growth and development in addition to empowering women especially those in rural areas. The aim of this study is to assess the impact of microfinance from KOMIDA on climate action and women empowerment. Four indicators were used to measure each variable. Women empowerment was measured through Decision making, political participation, freedom of movement and self-worth. Three types of decision were taken into consideration which are household economic decisions, personal decisions and family decision. On the other hand, climate action was measured through Climate awareness, use of renewable energy appliances, climate action willingness and reuse of products. A mixed approach was deployed and qualitative data was collected from semi structured interviews with six clients while quantitative data was collected through a questionnaire with 283 participants. 211 were clients and 72 non- clients. Twenty-six questions were measured through a five-point Likert scale. Factor analysis using the principal component analysis was used for data reduction. Quantitative results indicated that only 5 factors can be used to explain all the twenty-six items which represented a total variance of 73%. Further results were that microfinance has no significant impact on decision making, self-worth, climate action willingness and use of renewable energy. Meanwhile, microfinance positively impacts climate awareness. On the contrary, qualitative results reveal that microfinance has provided very little awareness of climate change but has positively influenced self-worth, climate action willingness and use of renewable energy appliances. The study recommends that the government must establish a legislative framework and strategy to protect women's rights in key areas including inheritance and property ownership as it influences women empowerment. In addition, policymakers must keep women's demands in mind while developing economic policy, infrastructure, and other projects. Likewise, KOMIDA must focus on training and capacity development of its members as well as include components of climate knowledge in its non-financial initiatives that can be implemented by low literacy individuals at household level. Future studies must look into other indicators of empowerment and climate action as well as get a perspective of other microfinance institutions and government authorities in charge of climate action.
Open Access
The impact of single window system in facilitating trade : evidence from ASEAN countries
(Universitas Islam Internasional Indonesia, 2023) Andiyani Kurnia; Teguh Yudo Wicaksono; Dian Masyita
This study aims to assess the impact of the Single Window System on facilitating trade processes in ASEAN member countries using panel data analysis. The Single Window System is an integrated platform that streamlines and harmonizes trade procedures by allowing traders to submit all required documents and data through a single electronic gateway. This research utilizes panel data from multiple ASEAN member countries over a specific time period to examine the effects of implementing the Single Window System on trade facilitation. The study employs a Fixed Effect model, shows that Single Window has a positive and significant impact toward Trade as well as the other determinant such as Trade in service GDP, and Population. Besides, Frontier Technology Readiness has significant negative impact. The findings of this research contribute to the understanding of the effectiveness of the Single Window System in enhancing trade processes within ASEAN member countries. It provides insights into the extent to which the implementation of this system has reduced trade barriers, improved efficiency and increased transparency in trade procedures. The results also shed light on potential variations in the impact of the Single Window System across different ASEAN member countries. The analysis will help identify best practices and policy recommendations for optimizing the implementation and utilization of the Single Window System to further enhance trade facilitation.
Embargo
The relationship between Islamic Financial Literacy (IFL), Halal Brand Awareness (HBA) in customer decisionmaking to choosing Islamic bank : a SEM-PLS study
(Universitas Islam Internasional Indonesia, 2024) Diah Bardiah; Dian Masyita; Indra Gunawan
The study reveals that the measurement model meets the required validity and reliability criteria, with all indicators showing satisfactory external loadings and AVE values. The structural model indicated a significant relationship between latent variables. The R Square value shows moderate to high explanatory power, and the SRMR value of 0.06 indicates suitable model fit, with a Goodness of Fit (GoF) Index of 0.662 categorizing the model fit as high. Using the SmartPLS software program, PLS-SEM analysis evaluates the outer and inner models. Assessment of measurement models emphasized the validity and reliability of indicators on measures such as outer loading, Cronbach's Alpha, Composite Reliability, AVE, and measures of discriminant validity, including the Fornell-Larcker criterion and cross-loading. Structural model estimation tests hypothesis testing, effect size, and predictive relevance using R Square, Q Square, SRMR, and PLS Predict measures. By using online survey data distributed to 1,027 respondents in 34 provinces in Indonesia, this study examines the application of PLSSEM to explore the relationship between latent variables in the Islamic Financial Literacy (IFL) framework and Halal Brand Awareness (HBA). The influence of these variables on consumer decision-making when choosing Sharia banking products and services is also explored. In conclusion, this research provides empirical evidence supporting the clarity of the PLS-SEM approach in examining the factors influencing consumer behavior in Islamic finance.

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Browsing Economics by Author "Dian Masyita"

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