Browsing by Author "Abdillah, A. Mughzi"

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    Between falsification and authentication : tracing Imāmī Shīa perspectives on Uthmanic mushaf
    (Universitas Islam Internasional Indonesia, 2024) Muhammad Alan Juhri; Abdillah, A. Mughzi
    This research examines the shift and the development of Imāmī Shīa perspectives concerning the authenticity of the Uthmanic Mushaf. Tracing the views of prominent Imāmī Shīa figures from the early era to modern times reveals an ambiguity between falsification and authentication of the Uthmanic Mushaf. The focus of this research is not to clarify or determine which stance most accurately represents the original Imāmī Shīa viewpoints on the Uthmanic Mushaf, but rather to analyze and uncover the factors behind each attitude of acceptance and rejection. This research employs a qualitative methodology, integrating historical and socio-political approaches. The historical approach traces the shifting views of Imāmī Shīa scholars regarding the Uthmanic Mushaf from the early Islamic period to the modern era. Meanwhile, the socio-political approach analyzes how social and political dynamics have influenced Imāmī Shīa scholars' views on tahrīf (falsification) and the Uthmanic Mushaf’s integrity. The research reveals that the majority of early Imāmī Shīa, up until the early 4th/10th century, rejected the integrity of the Uthmanic Mushaf and promoted the issue of taḥrīf. Political rivalry over succession following the Prophet's death, coupled with the ongoing perception of Shīa persecution and marginalization under the Umayyad and Abbasid Sunni dynasties, were primary factors for this rejection. From the late 4th/10th century onwards, significant Imāmī Shīa figures began to shift towards accepting the Uthmanic Mushaf’s integrity and refuting the issue of tahrīf. This early acceptance emerged during the Shīa Buwayhid dynasty's rule, driven by at least three factors: the role of the Mu'tazilah in political knowledge towards rationalization, political strategy by getting closer to Sunni orthodoxy, and the development of Shīa doctrine due to the occultation (ghayb) of the last Imām. In the modern era (19th-20th centuries), with the increasingly complex Sunni-Shīa conflict involving geopolitics, debates on taḥrīf and the integrity of the Uthmanic Mushaf have resurged. Some Imāmī Shīa scholars have maintained the initial views, continuing to campaign taḥrīf as a form of resistance against Sunni dominance. Conversely, the majority voice of Imāmī Shīa scholars have massively refuted the accusations of tahrīf as a stance of resilience and part of efforts towards rapprochement (taqrīb) between Sunnis and Shīas. Based on these findings, this research argues that the two Imāmī Shīa views on the Uthmanic Mushaf’s integrity— falsification and authentication—both influence and are influenced by the prolonged political conflict between Sunnis and Shīas.
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    Reinvented tradition : promoting qirāʾāt science learning through qur’anic competitions in Northern Nigeria
    (Universitas Islam Internasional Indonesia, 2024) Yahaya, Nasir; Abdillah, A. Mughzi
    The acceptance of the Qur’an as a unified text with acceptable variations in its recitation is evident and clear to all Muslims. For centuries, Muslims have preserved the Qur’an in multiple ways, including through Qur’anic competitions popularly known as Musabaqah. However, the Malaysian government took the initiative to organize the Musābaqah at the international level in 1961 with the goal of instilling enthusiasm and motivation in Muslims for the constant companionship of the Qur’an. The phenomenon spread to various parts of the globe. Nigeria, being a Muslim-dominated country, has joined the trend of organizing Musabaqah competitions across the nation since 1986. The event was managed and supervised by Usmanu Dan Fodio University, which successfully initiated several categories for Musabaqah participants to compete in. Interestingly, the international inclusion of the Qirāʾāt competition in Saudi Arabia in 2023 led to the introduction of a novel approach to the Nigerian Musābaqah. The new approach requires mastery of the seven recitations (Qirāʾāts) and their narrations (Riwāyats). By utilizing a qualitative research approach and interviewing individuals who have experience and knowledge of Musābaqah, this research explores Musābaqah's contribution to Qirāʾāt learning among its participants in Kaduna State of Nigeria, the historical development of Qirāʾāt in Northern Nigeria, and the unique ways and methods of teaching Qirāʾāt in the state. The findings show that Qirāʾāt knowledge flourished and developed through a series of phases before and after colonialism. This includes the Islamization of the Hausa Emirates, scholars' visits and migration, the establishment of traditional Qur’anic schools, and the strong relationship between the Hausa Emirates and the Islamic world. Interestingly, the inclusion of Qirāʾāt in the competition in 2023 has a positive impact on the state. First, it led to the establishment of more Qur’anic centers; it served as a source of inspiration for educational institutions and both local and international non-governmental organizations (NGOs) that focus on organizing Qur’anic competitions in the region; it serves as a significant factor that motivates individuals to actively engage in learning the science; and it familiarizes the Musābaqah participants with various disciplines associated with the Qur’an. Furthermore, the study identifies several approaches used by Kaduna State's Qirāʾāt teachers in teaching Qirāʾāt. These approaches include Talqin, Tasmi', individual and group recitation, Musaffah group practice, and Qur’anic camping, all of which aim to enhance students' memorization of the Qur’an and the Shātibiyya book. The study identifies inadequate financial support, incorrect planning or timing, inadequate Qirāʾāt teachers, a lack of a unified syllabus, marriage, and a lack of uniformity as challenges related to Musābaqah and Qirāʾāt learning in the state. The study suggests the development of a unified syllabus, organizing both online and offline seminars and workshops, and establishing new regulations that limit the age of participation in each category and prohibit competitors from forging another state's identity.