Browsing by Author "Haidari, Adila"

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    Female labour force participation amidst the reestablishment of the Islamic emirate of Afghanistan 2021-2023
    (Universitas Islam Internasional Indonesia, 2024) Haidari, Adila; Rima Prama Artha; Hamidi, M. Luthfi
    Afghanistan experienced a significant decline in female labour force participation (FLFP) from 17% in 2021 to 6% in 2022, concurrently with re-establishing the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan (Taliban) in August 2021. Thus, this study aims to investigate the factors that could have contributed to this rapid decline, explicitly examining whether the re-establishment of the regime played an essential role in this change. The study employed a mixed method approach, combining the quantitative approach using the ordinary least squares (OLS) model that estimates data from 1990-2021 with the qualitative in-depth interviews that capture a varied spectrum of respondents. This study found that political stability has the highest positive impact on female labour force participation, while the women business law index also presents a significant positive impact. However, in contrast, female education, fertility rate, and the dummy variable (representing the regime changes) significantly negatively impact FLFP. Further, qualitative findings corroborate these findings and reveal additional aspects not captured by the model, such as legal barriers, norms, security concerns, and gender discrimination, where legal barriers identified significant challenges to women's decision to join the labour market. Regrettably, these factors have been worsened by political instabilities and regime changes that further decrease women’s participation in the labour force. The results suggest the reforms in policies and regulations, thus pointing to the fact that improvements in the regulatory environment supporting female employment would also positively affect FLFP intensity.
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    ItemOpen Access
    The impact of fiscal policy on economic growth : fresh evidence from Malaysia
    (ZAIN Publications, 2024-02) Haidari, Adila; Junejo, Safiullah
    Many scholars have researched the connection between fiscal policy and economic growth and how fiscal policy can be a crucial factor for economic development and growth. Despite this, it still remains a critical debate amongst policymakers and scholars. Thus, this study fills the gap by analyzing the impact of fiscal policy on economic growth in Malaysia spanning 1990 to 2022. The secondary data from World Bank Indicators (WDI) is collected. This study examines the impact of fiscal policy (government expenditure) on Malaysia's economic growth by adding more macro factors such as unemployment, tax revenue, and inflation. This study employs the Autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model to examine the long-run correlation to meet this objective. Furthermore, various econometric models are employed, including the ARDL bound test and the error correction model (ECM), to check the relationship between the variables. Based on empirical results and findings, the study suggests that there is a strong relationship between GDP and expenditure, unemployment, tax revenue and inflation since the probability value is less than significant in the short-term relationship with constant and unrestricted constant form. Additionally, with the ARDL Model boundary test, government expenditure, unemployment, tax revenue, and inflation have a long-term relationship with GDP in Malaysia, where the F-statistic value is smaller than the lower boundary. Moreover, the Error correction method with restricted constant suggests a long-term link between the expenditure and GDP. Notwithstanding the results, fiscal policymakers must carefully evaluate the efficacy of government expenditure allocation to ensure that it is consistent with the longterm economic growth goals. The potential limitation of this study is its dependency on secondary data from the World Bank Indicators (WDI), which may not capture all relevant nuances of Malaysian fiscal policy and economic dynamics.