Browsing by Author "Lukman Nul Hakim"
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Item Open Access Beyond the charisma of Islamic boarding school leaders : countering potential abuse through enhancing critical thinking and critical dialogical abilities of the 'led'(Universitas Islam Internasional Indonesia, 2023) Supriyono; Bambang Sumintono; Lukman Nul HakimIn response to the pressing call for enhancing the critical thinking and critical dialogical abilities of the students at pesantren (Islamic boarding schools) in Indonesia, this study delves into the 'dark side' of charismatic leadership commonly adopted by these *indigenous Islamic educational institutions. The inquiries stem from rising reports of sexual abuse at pesantren institutions and scrutinize the romanticized axiom of charisma in leadership that is often overshadowed by extreme admiration, blind idolization, and unquestioning obedience, which leads to sparing limited or even no room for the followers to question and criticize, making them vulnerable to power abuse. Hence, this study draws upon the insights of 24 participants from two pesantren institutions in East Java, probing their perceptions, practices, and reflections on charisma and obedience, A multiple case study design is employed within a qualitative research framework, utilizing document analysis, focused group discussions, interviews, and observations for the data collection. Triangulation techniques in both data collection and data sources are used for validation to enhance the credibility and trustworthiness of the data, which is analyzed using software-based thematic analysis through Quirkos. This study also addresses ethical considerations and the researcher's positionality to maintain academic integrity and methodological rigor. The findings suggest that the student's critical thinking and dialogical capabilities are not a mere function of the leadership style in pesantren. Rather, these aspects span a broader spectrum, hinging on the Islamic educational models that they adopt, here contested by adab (moral disciplining) and tarbiyah (critical dialogue). Exclusive reliance on adab leads to unbalanced charismatic leadership, fostering a patriarchal culture conducive to power abuse, including sexual abuse. Conversely, combining both adab and tarbiyah promotes a balanced charismatic leadership where adab (moral) forms the basis while critical thinking and dialogue serve as control mechanisms. In practice, critical thinking acts as an alarm, enabling students to discern whether their leaders' commands align with Islamic principles, while critical dialogical abilities serve as a countermeasure, empowering students to assertively challenge potential misconduct. This research highlights the importance of the control element in charismatic leadership, complementing the three components suggested by previous studies: basis, emotional connection, and signaling communication. Consequently, these findings lay the groundwork for further research to delve deeper into the dark side of charismatic leadership in the Islamic school setting, given that charisma meets religiosity could yield benefits on one hand, but potentially negative consequences on the other.Item Open Access Disinformasi di YouTube : pemilihan presiden 2019 dan 2024(Aliansi Jurnalis Independen (AJI) Indonesia, 2024-07-24) Purnama Alamsyah; Gustaf Wijaya; Lukman Nul HakimKesenjangan (gap) literasi digital salah satunya karena kurangnya minat baca dan cek fakta, membawa arus deras hoaks dan disinformasi seakan tidak terbendung (Kemenkominfo, 2022). Penanganannya juga mengalami banyak tantangan, di mana sumber daya yang ada seakan tidak sebanding dengan arus deras disinformasi. Hal ini kemudian dimanfaatkan pihak–pihak tertentu untuk menciptakan situasi yang menguntungkan salah satu kelompok. Dalam kontestasi politik, hal ini tampak nyata. Bagaimana saling serang terjadi, kampanye – kampanye kasar dengan disinformasi dan hoaks yang menyesatkan pun terjadi. Kemudahan konten diproduksi, serta kebebasan berpendapat di Indonesia yang tidak dibarengi dengan etika yang memadai, membuat konten – konten keruh bertebaran. Bagaimana informasi ini bergulir di Youtube, fenomena apa saja yang muncul, utamanya dalam periode Pemilihan Presiden 2024? Serta topik–topik apa saja yang menjadi “sumbu” utama disinformasi? Pertanyaan–pertanyaan ini akan coba dijawab oleh bab ini.Item Open Access Empathy-based stories of bullying at boarding school : students' perceptions and expectations(Universitas Islam Internasional Indonesia, 2023) Zulfikar; Charyna Ayu Rizkyanti; Lukman Nul HakimBullying in Indonesian boarding schools is like an invisible iceberg. The Indonesian Child Protection Commission reports 30 to 60 incidents annually, with 226 cases in 2022 alone. However, the actual numbers may be higher. Despite numerous bullying studies, none have utilized the method of empathy-based stories for data collection. The study aimed to use empathy-based stories to comprehend bullying at Boarding School X in Bogor, West Java. By Qualitative approach, the fictional narratives were used to be effectively capturing emotions and situations. There were 20 students were engaged as the primary source. Along with observations and interviews, three inquiries delved into bullying dynamics, students' expectations, and the method's effectiveness. The findings show boarding school bullying is more distressing than in public schools due to close interactions and limited parental contact. Those involved in bullying experience fear and sadness. Students seek supportive relationships with parents and the school, and friends offer them a safe outlet to express themselves. This study shed a light how the empathy-based stories create a secure space for students to share emotions, preserving self-esteem and amplifying their voices. While the study has limitations due to exam schedules, the effective method holds promise for future applications due to its success and lack of use in Indonesian research data collection.Item Open Access Exploring career guidance program for senior high school students with hearing impairment : a case study in special needs school in Indonesia(Universitas Islam Internasional Indonesia, 2024) Rahayu Azkiya; Charyna Ayu Rizkyanti; Lukman Nul HakimMore than one-tenth of Indonesia’s population lives with disabilities. This fact is a challenge that is still faced by the Indonesian government and requires special attention to anticipate future challenges. This study will focus on special needs in hearing impairment, because the number of hearing-impaired individuals in Indonesia has increasingly concerning in the past two years, with the largest percentage being students. One of the programs that can assist them is effective career guidance. It is an essential part of education, aiming to help students understand their talents, interests, potential, and to provide direction in choosing an appropriate career path after graduating from school. This study aimed to explore how the career guidance program is planned and implemented in special needs schools and what are the challenges faced by teacher in implementing the career guidance. This study employs a qualitative case study in one of the senior high schools for special needs (SMLB) in Jakarta Barat, Indonesia. The data analysis was done through Quirkos Thematic Analysis. The data has been obtained through observation, interview, and documentation. The participants of this study were one principal, one vice principal of curriculum affairs, two teachers, three student’s parents, and three senior high school students. The theoretical framework of Career Assessment initiated by Super is used to understand the implementation of career guidance program for individuals with special needs. The framework suggests 4 steps for maximum outcome: Preview, Depth-view, Assessment of all data, and counseling. The result of this study shown that (1) This school carries out several stages in planning student’s career, initially, it collects students personal information, including previous report cards, IQ test results, interest aptitude tests, color blindness tests, and speech test. This data is then discussed with parents and students to determine suitable vocational options. Students will undergo a vocational assessment for three months, after which they are placed in fields aligning with their interests and talents. (2) In implementing careers, teachers focus on students' career maturity, supported by programs such as character education, scouting, leadership training, outing classes, study tours, fairs, and workshops. These programs aim to foster responsibility, discipline, and independence, preparing students for societal and professional life. (3) teachers face three main challenges: students’ limited vocabulary comprehension, the extra effort required to mature students’ careers, and maintaining students' consistency. This study highlights how students with hearing-impaired are vulnerable to feelings of weariness which can hinder their learning process. Therefore, it show an implication for teachers to be more creative and able to use varied methods to overcome this problem. Future research may explore deeper regarding career guidance programs for students with hearing impairment. Exploring career guidance program in varied levels of education may be more valuable contribution, since difference level of education might give difference challenges.Item Open Access Exploring the head of the foundation's leadership practices in optimizing teachers' performance at islamic private school(Universitas Islam Internasional Indonesia, 2023) Dwi Asih Prihatin; Bambang Sumintono; Lukman Nul HakimDual authorities govern the education system in Indonesia: The Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology (MoECRT) and the Ministry of Religious Affairs (MoRA). These distinct authorities significantly influence the leadership structure that governs the school system, particularly in managing educational units through foundations. This study focuses on a privately-owned Islamic institution operating under the auspices of the MoECRT. This study investigates the leadership practices of the head of the foundation in Islamic private schools and the impact on optimizing teachers' performance. The main focus lies in identifying and analyzing the leadership practices, strategies, and mechanisms employed by the foundation's leader to enhance teaching and learning practices in Islamic private schools. This qualitative study was conducted at one Islamic Private School in Indonesia. The researcher utilized a case study approach, conducting open-ended interviews and observations to gather information related to the research questions. Thematic analysis was employed to analyze the collected data. The present study incorporated four different leadership styles: Directive, Supportive, Participative, and Achievement-oriented, as delineated in the theoretical framework. The findings of the study indicate that the person in the top leadership position within the foundation demonstrates a prominent Directive leadership style, as observed through the daily interactions with his subordinates. This leadership style is distinguished by a dominating attitude in decision-making and guiding subordinates. Additionally, this study provides insights into the effects of internal and external encouragement on the teachers' teaching and learning process, as facilitated by the head of the foundation. Finally, it examines teachers' perspectives regarding the overpowering engagement of the head of the foundation. It is essential to note that the findings of this study do not aim to determine whether one leadership style is better or worse than others. Each leadership style has its strengths and weaknesses, and its implementation should be tailored to the context and organizational needs. This study offers practical implications for enhancing teacher effectiveness, developing leadership skills, and fostering a positive educational environment. Furthermore, it is expected to contribute to the advancement of Islamic education by promoting continuous improvement and adherence to Islamic principles and values.Item Open Access Exploring the role of integrated Islamic school network (JSIT) in inculcating its ideological values(Universitas Islam Internasional Indonesia, 2024) Andi Ibrahim Ali; Lukman Nul Hakim; Alpha AmirrachmanThis study investigates the role of the Integrated Islamic School Network (JSIT) in the inculcation of its ideological values through education. It examines the historical context of Islamic education in Indonesia, the influence of the Muslim Brotherhood and the Prosperous Justice Party (PKS) on JSIT, and the strategies employed by JSIT to inculcate its Islamic values. This research also sees the interplay between JSIT’s quality assurance and the National Standard of Education in creating good graduates or alumni for the nation. The theoretical framework of curriculum, total quality management, and inculcation values are applied to the three research questions, namely to explore how JSIT’s ideology develops throughout the curriculum, how is JSIT’s role in inculcating its ideological value within the school under its umbrella and lastly to study the implementation inculcation of the ideology process within the school unit. This study employs a qualitative approach. The data were collected through interviews, observations, and documents at three JSIT schools in Bekasi involving two teachers and two principals from Islamic-integrated Schools. The data was analyzed using Quirkos, a qualitative data analysis software to carry out thematic analysis. The findings demonstrate that the ideology is developed into the curriculum via subject, humanistic, and social reconstructionist approaches, aligning with the goal of enhancing the Islamic ethos of the students. The function of JSIT itself lies in ensuring the quality of the schools within its purview. JSIT's quality assurance matches Indonesia's national education standards; however, it incorporates the Quran, Sunnah, and Hadiths into these standards, along with an additional criterion focusing on student development. JSIT places a strong emphasis on the importance of teacher professionalism, advocating for continuous professional development to enhance teaching quality and effectiveness. It upholds the principles of total quality management theory to ensure educational excellence in the affiliated schools, with a particular emphasis on moral imperatives over others. The methods used to inculcate the ideology encompass various approaches such as content delivery, curriculum design, extracurricular activities, and community involvement initiatives. Additionally, JSIT recognizes the vital role of parental engagement in education, promoting active participation and collaboration between parents and educational institutions to nurture students' holistic growth. In other words, the ideology of JSIT which fuses smoothly in the national curriculum will strengthen and enhance the graduates or alumni due to its well-planned, well-managed, and well-measured. The ideology could shape the socio-religious values of the graduates with potential implications for the socio-landscape of Indonesia. Further research is recommended in order to measure the further impacts of the JSIT’s ideology.Item Open Access Exploring wellbeing strategies among student council members in pesantren-based senior high schools : a case study on multiple site(Universitas Islam Internasional Indonesia, 2024) Zaima Bunga Wijayanti; Lukman Nul Hakim; Charyna Ayu RizkyantiStudent council are currently become the subject of significant attention since in this several years, there are numerous cases of physical harassment reported in pesantren done by the student council members. This indicates that some students are not adequately prepared to serve as student council members. Those unreadiness is related to their well-being. Being a student member with numerous duties are challenging. Student council members, who are still in adolescence, must be prepared to face numerous challenges while also navigating their own personal struggles. This research aims to explore the experiences of student council members in pesantren, focusing on their strategies for maintaining well-being while managing organizational and school responsibilities. This qualitative study offers a multisite case study of the experiences, challenges, and tactics of student council members as they navigate the intricate interplay between their organizational responsibilities and their personal well-being. The four dimensions (Having, Loving, Being, Health) of well-being theoretical framework from Konu (2002) was used as a framework of the phenomenon. There were 12 students from 3 Pesantren that participated in this research. To ascertain the diverse experiences and perspectives of student council members, this study employed in depth interviews. The data then being analysed using thematic analysis. Through their narratives, this research illuminates the distinctive stressors they confront, the multifaceted coping strategies they employ, and their personal growth journeys as they strive to maintain their mental health and well-being. This research contributes to a more nuanced understanding of student well-being in the context of modern pesantren. The findings indicate that the majority of challenges encountered by student council leaders pertain to interpersonal relationships, particularly those with peers and members, which can be conceptualized within the Loving dimension. While each dimension presents its own unique set of challenges, the existence of time-consuming organizational tasks that encroach upon school time, including periods designated for leisure, also represents a significant hurdle for student council administrators. Furthermore, the demands of these tasks have been observed to impact the physical and mental well-being of student council administrators, leading to increased susceptibility to illness and feelings of stress. In terms of strategy, student council administrators tend to overcome challenges by adapting their approach to suit the circumstances. They endeavour to manage their time effectively, establish daily schedules, and cultivate an understanding of their physical condition. This is subsumed under the category of problem-based coping, which is designated as "compromise." Moreover, open discussion and communication are crucial for the effective functioning of the organization. This is an example of emotion-based coping, known as "Identification," whereby an individual attempts to emulate the thoughts and behaviours of others. Moreover, based on the findings, there are some suggestions for the schools: 1. Consider organizational tasks that will take up students' school or recess time. 2. Create effective training to improve students' readiness to become student council members. 3. Maximize the task of Caregiving to be able to be a place to complain about the students, especially the student council members.Item Open Access Implementation of STEAM education : a case study of secondary schools in Bangladesh(Universitas Islam Internasional Indonesia, 2023) Alam, Md. Efta Khirul; Lukman Nul Hakim; Destina Wahyu WinartiThe purpose of this study is to look into the state of STEAM education implementation in Bangladeshi secondary schools at the moment together with challenges and opportunities associated with implemetion of STEAM education, and the attitudes and preceptions of teachers and students towards implemention of STEAM education in Bangladesh. This study employs a qualitative research methodology, utilizing three distinct methods of data collection: focused group discussions, interviews, and observations. Triangulation techniques are employed in the process of data collection and sourcing to enhance the validity and reliability of findings, thereby bolstering the credibility and trustworthiness of the research. For the observational component of this case study, a private English-medium school located in Dhaka, Bangladesh, was chosen. The present study recruited a sample size of 21 participants. The participants of the interview comprised a District Education Officer and two school principals, one from a public secondary school and the other from a private secondary school situated in Bogura, Bangladesh. A series of focus group discussions were undertaken, involving a total of six teachers and twelve students who were selected as representatives from the aforementioned schools not having a STEAM curriculum. The findings indicates that 1) STEAM education is not currently offered in secondary schools throughout Bangladesh. Principals and teachers of secondary schools believed that integrating STEAM education into Bangladesh's educational system will help students in developing skills like problem- solving, critical thinking, and teamwork. To the contrary, more teacher development programs and policy implementation would be needed to properly implement STEAM education. 2) The implementation of STEAM education will provide learners and teachers with both possibilities and challenges. The study discovered that teacher training, a limited budget, and STEAM lab accessories can be a challenge for secondary school teachers. Teachers, on the other hand, would benefit from increased professional development opportunities, the establishment of strong cross-disciplinary collaborations, and the efficient use of educational technology. 3). Secondary school teachers and students both perceived STEAM education as offering real-world experiments and inquiry-based learning. Teachers felt that professional development was necessary before STEAM was put into effect in Bangladeshi classrooms. The study sheds important light on the function of secondary school STEAM programs in defining future options for students by examining the post-secondary routes of STEAM-educated students. The research findings will not only enrich the dialogue on STEAM education in Bangladesh but also serve as a foundation for policy reform aimed at modernizing and enhancing the country's educational system for a better future. Keywords: STEAM Education, Secondary Schools, Educational Policy, Learning Strategies, Educational ReformItem Open Access Lansia Berdaya Bangsa Sejahtera : Konsep Active Ageing terhadap Anak Muda Studi di Yogyakarta(Kementarian Sosial RI, 2024-05-27) Alcyva Anindita Aisha Putri; Lukman Nul HakimIndonesia mengalami peningkatan pada struktur penduduk usia lanjut. Hal ini menyebabkan dampak positif dan negatif khususnya bagi keberlangsungan kehidupan bangsa. Lansia berdaya merupakan salah satu hal yang dapat meringankan kondisi bangsa untuk menjadi bangsa yang sejahtera. Konsep Active Ageing membawa bangsa Indonesia menjadi bangsa yang sejahtera. Konsep active ageing sendiri terdiri dari 8 faktor yang dibagi menjadi 2 bagian. Tentunya konsep ini akan berangkat sejak masa muda. Anak muda yang memahami konsep active ageing dapat menjadi lansia berdaya saat masa lanjut usia nanti. Hasil penelitian melalui metode statistic deskriptif ini penulis didapati bahwa anak muda memberikan hasil positif terhadap pengetahuan, sikap dan tindakan terhadap konsep active ageing tersebut. Bahwa Anak Muda sudah mengetahui pengaplikasian konsep active ageing dalam kehidupan sehari- hari mereka. Secara teori kebanyakan anak muda belum maksimal dalam pemahaman konsep active ageing ini. Untuk penerapan konsep active ageing harus terus diterapkan oleh anak muda dan diteruskan kepada generasi berikutnya. Pemerintah dalam hal ini dapat memberikan pendampingan dan pemberdayaan kepada remaja agar dapat menjadi individu yang produktif bahkan hingga masa lanjut usianya yang berdampak juga pada kesejahteraan bangsa Indonesia nantinya.Item Open Access Mobilitas Penduduk dan Kualitas Udara saat Pandemi COVID-19 : Studi kasus DKI Jakarta(Research Group in Regional Development and Environmental Management Department of Urban and Regional Planning Faculty of Engineering - Diponegoro University, 2023-08-31) Purnama Alamsyah; Lukman Nul HakimPenelitian ini bertujuan melihat sejauh mana mobilitas penduduk berpengaruh terhadap lingkungan, khususnya kualitas udara. Para peneliti sebelumnya telah mempelajari dampak mobilitas penduduk dan kaitannya dengan ekonomi, pola penyebaran penyakit, dan psikologis. Namun demikian masih sedikit yang meneliti bagaimana faktor lingkungan mempengaruhi dan dipengaruhi oleh mobilitas manusia. Bencana covid-19 secara kebetulan memberikan peluang bagi peneliti untuk mempelajari dengan kondisi yang sulit terulang, yaitu kondisi Kota Jakarta yang lebih lengang, dikarenakan mobilitas penduduk di Jakarta yang menurun drastis dikarenakan lockdown. Peneliti berusaha mempelajari fenomena tersebut menggunakan kerangka teori Driver–Pressure–State–Impact–Response (DPSIR). Metode penelitian yang dilakukan adalah kualitatif dengan mengkaji data mobilitas dari Google Mobility Index dan Rom tom Traffic index. Sementara sumber data respon publik diambil dari data cuitan di twitter yang diambil dari Twitter Archiving Google Sheet (TAGS) versi 6.1.7 mulai dari tanggal 15 Februari hingga 22 Mei 2020. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penurunan mobilitas penduduk dalam berkendara ternyata tidak secara otomatis akan menurunkan kadar polutan di udara. Terdapat faktor lain yang berkontribusi terhadap polusi di Jakarta, yaitu industri yang berada di Jabodetabek yang mengelilingi Kota Jakarta. Artikel ini bermanfaat bukan saja bagi pemerhati lingkungan, melainkan juga para pengambil kebijakan, bahwa upaya memperbaiki kualitas udara di Kota Jakarta dapat dilakukan dengan mengatur mobilitas penduduk di Kota Jakarta, dan memonitor pihak industri.Item Open Access Rasch Calibration and Differential Item Functioning (DIF) Analysis of the School Well-Being Scale for Students(LPPM Universitas Pendidikan Mandalika, 2024-03-09) Eka Hermansyah; Charyna Ayu Rizkyanti; Lukman Nul HakimThis study aims to examine the quality of the school well-being scale for high school students..This study used a quantitative approach with Rasch model analysis. The validity, reliability, and differential item functioning (DIF) assessment are all part of the psychometric examination. The 165 high school students in Mataram, West Nusa Tenggara province who took part in this research were 40 males and 125 girls, ages 11 to 18 (mean age = 15.87, SD = 1.39). The findings of the Rasch analysis show the instrument passes the validity test but has weak reliability. The statistical analysis of the Cronbach alpha reliability coefficient of the instrument is 0.43. More detailed results are shown by the Rasch model analysis reliability of person on 0.47 and item reliability of 0.98. This result explains the good quality of the instrument, while the reliability of the instrument needs to be strengthened by controlling the demographic factors. The scale can be used by school management to understand well-being of the students, and further for the improvement of school quality.Item Open Access Strategies for preventing physical violence in Islamic boarding school : a case study(Universitas Islam Internasional Indonesia, 2023) M. Syauqi Asfiya' R.; Nina Nurmila; Lukman Nul HakimIslamic Boarding Schools (pesantren) play a crucial role in education, as they are expected to foster safe, comfortable, and conducive learning environments. Nevertheless, a major challenge Pesantren faces is the prevalence of physical violence. Despite their historical success in producing national figures and holding significant positions in the country, the reputation of pesantren has been tarnished by several documented cases of violence, including tragic student deaths allegedly resulting from abuse by seniors. Despite the prominence of this issue, there is a lack of scientific data that comprehensively examines the matter, particularly regarding how pesantren ensures a safe and comfortable learning environment. The research will be guided by three main questions: 1). What are the pesantren's strategies to prevent violence, and to what extent it has been implemented? 2). What are the constraints of pesantren's strategies based on the victim's perspective? 3). How does pesantren nurture their santri in cultivating nonviolent behaviour? This study employs a qualitative approach and utilizes various techniques of data collection: interviews, focus group discussions (FGD), observations, and documentation. The collected data were analyzed by a multistage process involving data organization, categorization, synthesis, analysis, and writing. The study findings shed light on the diverse range of strategies implemented by pesantren to create a safe and conducive educational environment, with a particular emphasis on preventing physical violence. These strategies include limiting the authority of senior students (mudabbir), establishing discipline guidelines, imposing sanctions, assigning guardians (wali asuh), designing infrastructure, segregating dormitories, conducting socialization and non-violence programs, and inculcating moral values. Pesantren claims that these strategies have resulted in positive outcomes, effectively reducing incidents of violence, with some semesters reporting minimal or no violent occurrences. However, victims of physical violence highlight certain constraints within these strategies. Strict sanctions may deter victims from reporting incidents and creating a culture of silence, the involvement of ustadz and mudabbir in perpetrating violence, Insufficient ustadz supervision, the understanding of the discipline still leans towards physical punishment, and there is a lack of psychological support for traumatized santri. The study also explores implementing the authoritative nurturing style within Pesantren, which involves administering punishments and setting limits and controls on students' behavior to prevent violence. This parenting style offers benefits such as student monitoring, fostering friendly relations, facilitating responsible learning, informed decision-making, and developing leadership skills. However, the potential misuse of authority by ustadz and mudabbir poses a weakness that demands proper oversight and intervention to ensure fairness in disciplinary actions. Future studies could compare strategies employed by traditional pesantren or other types of Islamic Boarding Schools to gain a comprehensive understanding of the violent situation within pesantren.Item Open Access Study of montessori education in a developing country : a case study of an elementary montessori school in West Java, Indonesia(Universitas Islam Internasional Indonesia, 2024) Muhammad Fayyaz Mumtaz; Bambang Sumintono; Lukman Nul HakimThe Montessori Method, with evolving pedagogical paradigms and a growing need for personalized learning, offers an alternative perspective in education by promoting inquisitiveness, self-reliance, and participation in the learning process. However, using the Montessori name does not ensure a Montessori system is implemented correctly due to extensive adoption of Montessori educational methods that raises a significant question about whether these institutions genuinely follow the method proposed by the founder of the Montessori Method. This study conducted as a comprehensive case study research project at one of the elementary school in West Java, Indonesia, that claims to apply the Montessori Method in their teaching approach for children aged 6-12. The primary objective and aim of this study is to gain a deeper understanding of to what extent this particular school follows the principles of Montessori. There are three research questions in this study; (1) to what extent does the elementary school in West Java adhere to the key principles of the Montessori Method? (2) What challenges or obstacles are typically faced in implementing the Montessori Method at this elementary school in West Java? (3) What is the overall opinion of teachers and parents regarding the implementation of the Montessori Method at this particular elementary school in West Java? This research investigates the degree to which one of Montessori school in West Java adhere to Montessori principles, offering instructors helpful recommendations for enhancing the method's use. The method of this study is using qualitative research with data collection from interview, observation and documentation. In order to potentially contribute to theoretical discussions on educational philosophy and pedagogy, the study also examines how, principal, parents and teachers view implementation of the Montessori Method. I came to the findings that the Montessori Method is implemented in the school, but its adherence to core principles is hindered by standardized education and curriculum, unique classrooms, and time limitations. The most significant obstacle is the limited number of Montessori teaching aids and lack of experienced teachers. Legal Montessori teacher certification is also available due to high costs. Although teachers and parents appreciate the Montessori Method, parents often lack understanding and teachers have limited practicality knowledge, suggesting partial implementation. Therefore, it is challenging to implement Montessori in original form, particularly in elementary school levels. The effects of integrating national curricula in this case Merdeka Curriculum with Montessori education on student outcomes and Montessori principles should be further investigated by future scholars.Item Open Access The role of school leadership in improving the quality of teaching and learning : the case study of the Gambia's basic and secondary education(Universitas Islam Internasional Indonesia, 2023) Barrow, Abdou; Didin Syafruddin; Lukman Nul HakimQuality in education has been the central tenant in most educational policies in the globe, including the Gambia. Thus, leadership has been perceived as a critical agency for ushering in that quality through various means. As a result, scholars in education and related fields have extensively explored the parallel between the two, including this study. Hence this thesis investigates the role of school leadership in improving the quality of teaching and learning, focusing on the Gambia’s Ministry of Basic and Secondary Education as a case. Schools in the lower basic category under this ministry were selected as participants hoping to understand leadership at the elementary level. The study aims to contribute to leadership discussion in the educational leadership discipline by providing Gambian context. Given that school leadership in connection to teaching and learning needs to be studied more in the Gambia, I hope to add to the existing literature on leadership through this thesis. I hope to provide a context for MoBSE on the nature of school leadership in elementary schools and how it relates to teaching and learning. In addition, I propose a framework that could help school leaders in their quest for school improvement. Furthermore, the study adopts a multidisciplinary approach using a sociological lens to explore the case. In doing so, I viewed schools as a social system encompassing agents and structures. As a result, I used the Realist social theory to guide the analysis process. This theory enables the researcher to explore the interplay between agency and structure (structure and culture). In light of this, the study used a qualitative research approach based on a case study design in order to investigate and provide comprehensive information on the context and dynamics of school leadership in the chosen primary schools. A purposive sampling technic was used to carefully select the participating schools in this study in consultation with the Regional Education Directorate Five South. The directorates database was accessed to identify performing and underperforming schools in the region using NAT and BTA as a yardstick. Furthermore, various data collection method was used, including interview, focus group discussion, observation, and document review. These methods allow me to comprehensively explore school leaders' and teachers’ experiences, perspectives, and practices in relation to teaching and learning in the selected schools. To analyze the data collected from the above sources, the study adopts thematic analysis to identify and interpret key themes connected to school leadership and its contribution to teaching and learning. Based on the evidence gathered through different data sources, I came up with the following conclusion. First, school leadership contributes immensely to improving quality teaching and learning coupled with the involvement of relevant stakeholders like SMC, mothers’ clubs, parents, and RED through cluster monitors. This suggests that, despite leadership having the potential to improve quality in the instructional process, they will be limited if they exclude the above mention partners in the process. Second, professional development is essential to equip teachers with more sophisticated and advanced pedagogies for improved instructional processes. Schools offering regular and required professional development opportunities have registered success in their instructional practices, eventually resulting in better performance. Third, organizational structures developed by the leadership were more helpful in addressing existing structural and cultural problems, while those inherited could not effect meaningful changes. Finally, several factors informed the leadership orientations and decision-making process of leaders in the participating schools, including cultural, social, and religious. Given that the study includes only four schools using a qualitative approach as the investigative method, the study’s findings are limited to the participating schools. Therefore, the study’s findings cannot be generalized, which is considered one of the limitations of this study. As a result, I recommend that future researchers use more generalizable methods to provide a broader context to the subject. This could be done by choosing a more diverse sample; preferably, a quantitative approach would suffice. By adopting a quantitative approach, they could take samples across the board and examine leadership roles relating to teaching and learning. Yet still, if they wish to maintain a qualitative approach, I recommend adopting an ethnographic method. This will give them more time to directly observe the participants to gather in-depth information for more relatable conclusions.Item Open Access Women empowerment through education : a case study of nurturing entrepreneurship in a female pesantren(Universitas Islam Internasional Indonesia, 2024) Mayola Andika; Nina Nurmila; Lukman Nul HakimWomen empowerment is a theme of interest and importance to many academics and policy makers today.United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) in its program Suistainable Development Goals (SDGs) encourages the protection and empowerment of women:. In Indonesia, the issue is also one of the agendas in the National LongTerm Development Plan (RPJPN) 2005-2025. The echoing of the women's empowerment program above stems from several cases of women's inequality that still occur in many sectors, one of which is the unbalanced participation of men and women in the world of work. One way to support this is to provide entrepreneurship training for women to make them more independent and empowerthem economically. Women entrepreneurs can contribute significantly to economic growth if they have equal opportunities and access to resources. Pesantren, as the first Islamic educational institution in Indonesia, also responds to this case where entrepreneurship coaching programs are made part of the curriculum. This study aims to find out: 1) how female leader manage entrepreneurship program in a femalepesantren;. 2) the extent to which the pesantren entrepreneurship program can contribute to women's empowerment; 3) how students perceive entrepreneurship coaching program in pesantren as a form of women's empowerment. This research uses a qualitative case study method in a female pesantren in West Sumatera by using observation, interviews, and documents analysis as data collection and for triangulation. Data analysis was conducted through manual thematic analysis using Nayla Kabeer's empowerment theory including 3 dimensions; resource, agency, and achievement. This research finds: 1) A female leader manages entrepreneurship coaching programs in three aspects; planning, organizing and implementing, evaluating. The planning process starts from designing the vision and mission of the pesantren, the organizing and implementation process start by providing training to all teachers and conducting the program once a month. For evaluation there are two types. Internal evaluation of each unit a week after the display event, secondly,external evaluation with all units during a work meeting at the beginning of the new school year. 2) To measure the extent to which the entrepreneurship program contributes to women's empowerment, it can be seen from three dimensions. First, for the resource dimension: the pesantren only provides human resources in strengthening skills and social resources to assist students in conducting promotions and marketing products. For the achievement dimension, the students have produced a variety of products. Furthermore, all of these works were exhibited in the end-of-semester project exhibition and some of them were sold during the event. 3) Female students perceive entrepreneurship coaching program in pesantren can increase creativity, support female students to be independent, and support female students to be economically productive. Based on the findings above, this study recommends expanding the research by comparing the types of programs in this female pesantren with other female pesantren to enrich the research on female pesantren and support women's empowerment.