Universitas Islam Internasional Indonesia Repository
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Recent Submissions
Religious fundamentalism and democratic transitions : the case of Hizbut Tahrir Indonesia
Adib Iftihar; Farish Noor; A'an Suryana (Universitas Islam Internasional Indonesia, 2025-08-29)
This thesis intends to analyze how Indonesia’s political reforms after the fall of the New Order inadvertently enabled the empowerment of the Hizbut Tahrir Indonesia (HTI), a movement opposed to the democratic pluralism pursued at the start of the Reformasi era. The increase of liberalization in political participation created new opportunities for a wide range of groups, including those with anti-pluralist agendas. Utilizing the Political Opportunity Theory, the research studied how these reforms provided the HTI with the legal space to advocate for the establishment of an Islamic Caliphate, directly challenging Pancasila’s pluralist ideals. This study highlights the dilemma that while Reformasi aimed to deepen democratic values, it also opened the political arena to actors who reject those very principles. This is a common phenomenon in newly democratized states for the past couple of decades. It also argues that pluralism under the New Order was largely a topdown project, not a deeply rooted societal value, making it vulnerable to contestation in the more open post-authoritarian era. The transition from Suharto’s authoritarian New Order regime to the more open political environment of Reformasi created political opportunities that enabled Hizbut Tahrir’s rise by reducing state repression of Islamist activism.
Strengthening industrial emission control in Punjab’s brick kilns : policy and financial pathways to address economic and technological barriers
Qeyas, Muhammad; Muhammad Al Atiqi; Priza Marendraputra (Universitas Islam Internasional Indonesia, 2025-07-29)
Brick kilns in Punjab, Pakistan’s largest province, face one of the highest levels of air pollution globally, with brick kilns identified as a major contributor to smog and particulate emissions. Despite the government's introduction of policies like the Punjab Smog Mitigation Roadmap (2024–2025) and the Clean Air Policy (2023), compliance across the brick kiln sector remains limited. This study investigates the economic, technological, and enforcement barriers hindering the adoption of cleaner kiln technologies, particularly Zigzag kilns, across Punjab’s brick manufacturing industry. It examines the major reasons why many brick factories in Punjab are not adopting modern Zigzag kilns, including financial limits and other difficulties. The research draws on policy analysis, government reports, air quality data, and comparative case studies, most notably India's National Clean Air Programme (NCAP). According to the findings, high costs of capital, not being able to access green funding, low technical resources, and weak enforcement prevent many companies from complying with environmental requirements. Although switching to Zigzag kilns can cut down CO₂ by 30%, Black Carbon by 80%, and PM2.5 by 35%, not many areas outside Lahore and Kasur are using these kilns because of the challenges. The findings suggest that successfully introducing policies relies on using technology and ensuring sound institutions, accessible financial systems, and clear regulations. Considering this gap, it calls for subsidies that help make decisions, loan schemes, improved surveillance, and strong participation of communities. According to the study, a structured approach to govern and control air pollution in industrial regions of Pakistan is necessary.
Strengthening Indonesia’s JETP : optimising clean energy finance and investment to achieve net-zero emissions
Ahmad Sabirin; Muhammad Al Atiqi; Guild, James Jordan (Universitas Islam Internasional Indonesia, 2025-08-02)
Indonesia faces a major challenge in realizing a just energy transition towards the Net Zero Emissions (NZE) target by 2060, amid the dominance of fossil energy and bureaucratic complexity. Through the Just Energy Transition Partnership (JETP) initiative, with a funding commitment of USD 20 billion, Indonesia seeks to accelerate the use of renewable energy. However, the implementation of the Clean Energy and Investment (CEFI) policy still lags behind neighboring countries, such as Vietnam and Thailand. Based on existing research, this study identifies barriers in access and allocation of CEFI, and formulates optimal strategies to strengthen JETP in accelerating inclusive and equitable energy transition. This study uses a systematic literature review (SLR) from 72 selected publications, interesting findings show that the limitations of green financial infrastructure, regulatory uncertainty, exchange rate risk, and the performance of off-takers such as the National Electric Company (PT PLN) and state-owned oil and gas companies (PT Pertamina) are the main factors in the slow achievement of net-zero emissions. In addition, social inequality and lack of community involvement in clean energy projects also add to the achievement of the energy transition in the net-zero emission target. Therefore, this study provides recommendations for the need for pro-investment policy reform, strengthening existing legal frameworks, developing innovative financial instruments, and strengthening collaboration between central and local governments, the private sector, and local communities. The integration of CEFI and JETP is believed to accelerate the adoption of clean technology and ensure that the energy transition in Indonesia takes place in a sustainable and equitable manner, so as to contribute to reducing national and global emissions.
Pakistan as China’s strategic gateway and ally : a study through rimland theory and offensive realism
Uddin, Athar; Ridwan; Muna, M. Rifqi (Universitas Islam Internasional Indonesia, 2025-08-12)
This study elucidates Pakistan’s evolving role as a strategic gateway state for China within the context of regional and global geopolitics. Centered on the core research question, how do China’s strategic and security interests make Pakistan a potential gateway state, and does the China-Pakistan alliance help China’s power maximization? This research employs a qualitative methodology based on secondary sources. Bridging Nicholas Spykman’s Rimland Theory and John Mearsheimer’s Offensive Realism, the study explicates Pakistan’s geostrategic importance in China’s power maximization calculus. The findings indicate that the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor exemplifies a strategic power-maximization alliance and a rimland strategy, driven by shared interests of power maximization and countering regional adversaries, particularly India and the US. The study maintains China-Pakistan’s consistent cooperation and interdependence, despite Pakistan’s historical ties with the West, which reflect a rational strategy that prioritizes security and economic stability. In a nutshell, the research concludes that Pakistan’s geographical leverage as a rimland state and political alignment have made it an indispensable node in China’s BRI, offering both nations strategic depth and regional influence in the broader Indo-Pacific contest.
Exploring the practice of supporting early childhood students’ numeracy skills through collaborative learning in working group activities
Nafisah; Destina Wahyu Winarti; Tati Lathipatud Durriyah (Universitas Islam Internasional Indonesia, 2025-08-12)
Collaborative learning has been increasingly recognized as an optimal pedagogical strategy to support early numeracy development. This study explores the application of collaborative learning in early numeracy education at the kindergarten level in Indonesia an area that remains relatively under-researched. Using a qualitative approach, data were collected through classroom observations, analysis of student work and teacher interviews. This research shows that there are three key elements to successful collaborative numeracy learning which are: students' interdependence, peer support (scaffolding), and mathematical dialogue. These features reflect how active engagement and purposeful interaction within student group work can foster the successful accomplishment of numeracy tasks. Conversely, minimal collaboration in groups tends to result suboptimal numeracy outcomes, as seen in numbered LEGO sequence the result of student work was failed to follow number order. There are enablers and challenges have also distinguished in implementing optimal collaborative numeracy learning it is as the key enablers which included effective group dynamics and the use of concrete media, which supported visual and manipulative understanding of mathematical concepts. On the other hand, challenges involved instructional constraints, difficulties in group formation, and the complexity of monitoring and assessing student engagement and learning progress. These outcomes reveal important findings of effective dynamics for early childhood numeracy teaching in collaborative learning dynamics and the importance of specific collaborative numeracy instruction, teacher’s roles and instructional design in maintaining systematic teaching to optimize collaborative learning and mathematical development for early learners in kindergarten settings.