Universitas Islam Internasional Indonesia Repository
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Dealing with double disasters : policy, program, and capacity interventions to address the impact of climate-induced disasters on gender-based violence, child marriage, and services for sexual and reproductive health in Indonesia
Bah, Momodou Habib; Fazli, Bashir Ahmad; Ragil Trias Handayani; Mendy, Therese; Mohammed, Islam Karem Rouby; Dwi Rahayu Ningrum; Rizky Tri Septian; Stanikzai, Ahmad Jawid; Sonny Mumbunan (Universitas Islam Internasional Indonesia, 2025-08-19)
This capstone report analyses how climate-induced disasters, such as floods and droughts, exacerbate gendered vulnerabilities and disrupt sexual and reproductive health (SRH) services in Indonesia. The study applies qualitative analysis of secondary data to explore how climate-induced disasters increase the risks of gender-based violence (GBV) and child marriage, while undermining access to maternal, and neonatal care, particularly emergency obstetric and newborn care (EmONC), including BEmONC (PONED) and CEmONC (PONEK). The findings highlight that disaster response frameworks in Indonesia often overlook SRH and GBV, resulting in limited integration of SRH into preparedness planning, insufficient coordination between health and disaster management agencies. The disruption of referral systems, shortage of essential supplies, and lack of disaggregated data further compromise the ability of the health sector to respond effectively. The report underscores the crucial role of midwives as the backbone of SRH service delivery in disaster-prone areas, yet reveals that their current education and training do not adequately prepare them to respond to the specific demands of emergencies. Midwives often lack exposure to competencies in emergency preparedness, clinical management of GBV, psychosocial care, and community engagement, which restricts their capacity to safeguard women and vulnerable groups in climate crisis situations. The analysis calls for urgent policy attention to mainstream SRH and GBV into disaster preparedness strategies, establish robust coordination and referral mechanisms, and strengthen midwifery training with climate-responsive and humanitarian competencies. By situating SRH and midwifery within the broader context of climate resilience and disaster governance, this report highlights the importance of inclusive, multi-sectoral, and gender-responsive approaches to disaster preparedness. Strengthening institutional frameworks, service delivery systems, and midwifery competencies can support more resilient SRH services and contribute to Indonesia’s broader commitments to health equity, gender equality, and international frameworks.
A system dynamics modeling of incentive policies to increase electric vehicle adoption in Indonesia
Fuad Muhamad Fahrudin; Muhammad Al Atiqi; Guild, James Jordan (Universitas Islam Internasional Indonesia, 2025-07-29)
Indonesia's electric vehicle (EV) adoption remains limited despite various government incentives. This study employs system dynamics modeling to evaluate the effectiveness of fiscal policies, such as purchase subsidies, VAT reductions, electricity incentives, and infrastructure support, in accelerating EV adoption and reducing carbon emissions. The model consists of three interconnected subsystems: fiscal budget (APBN), EV adoption behavior, and carbon emission mitigation. Simulation results show that purchase subsidies and VAT incentives significantly increase EV uptake, especially in the motorcycle segment. However, when electricity tariff incentives are introduced in 2026, public purchasing intention grows more sharply, demonstrating that bundled policies are more effective. The model also reveals long-term fiscal pressure as a limiting factor, and emphasizes that EV adoption alone cannot significantly reduce national emissions without decarbonizing the electricity grid. This research highlights the importance of integrated policy strategies combining fiscal, infrastructure, and behavioral interventions. It offers a systems-based perspective for designing sustainable and inclusive EV transition policies in Indonesia.
Navigating crisis and conflict : a study of humanitarian aid in addressing food security in Yemen
Ali, Fawaz Hamood Abdulaziz Abdo; Fajar B. Hirawan; Teguh Yudo Wicaksono (Universitas Islam Internasional Indonesia, 2025-08-20)
This research examines the interconnected roles of international organizations and donors, humanitarian action, challenges of aid delivery, and their relationships with food security within crisis contexts. Using Yemen as the case study, this research will clarify how the mediating role of external assistance and gaps with logistics influence responses to food security in humanitarian emergencies. A quantitative approach was adopted, undertaking regression analysis to examine the direct and indirect relationships between a number of variables - international organizations and donors (RO); humanitarian action (HA); aid delivery (AD); and food security (FS). Ultimately, we concluded with mediation analysis to investigate the indirect effects of RO and HA on FS through HA and AD respectively. Data was collected from key stakeholders involved in humanitarian assistance using questionnaires which were then analyzed to tease out the findings related to our hypotheses. The findings evidence that donor role (RO) is a strong predictor of humanitarian action (HA), which is directly, positively associated with food security (FS). Moreover, aid delivery (AD) issues exhibit substantial predictive capacity regarding food security, thus accentuating the important role of logistics. Mediation analysis indicates that RO has an indirect effect on FS via HI, while HI has an indirect effect on FS via AD. In sum, the findings highlight the critical relationships between donor engagement, aid effectiveness, and logistics management in determining food security outcomes in emergencies. The study finds that achieving food security when humanitarian crises demand coordination means exerting donor engagement, aid effectiveness, and logistical capabilities into a joint effort. The impact of conflict-related challenges shows that overcoming logistical and operational challenges in aid distribution can maximize the positive advantage that interventions can do to positively address food security. The findings of this study have actionable implications for decision-makers, donors, and agencies to develop more integrated approaches even under conflict. The study offers future research options to examine these relationships in different contexts and suggest ways to overcome the limitations of the study.
Navigating raja ampat’s customary and formal policy integration of marine protected areas in building sequencing governance
Maulidya Qutrothunnada; Guild, James Jordan; Priza Marendraputra (Universitas Islam Internasional Indonesia, 2025-08-13)
Managing Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) in the Global South is especially interesting, given their unique, authentic, and socio-cultural approaches, not reliant on formal government. Focusing on Raja Ampat’s MPA, which is ranked the highest in Indonesia’s management performance, with the sasi traditional customary system serving as a primary support mechanism for MPA administration in the region. However, this performance still falls below the threshold of being considered sustainably managed, indicating ongoing governance challenges such as the lack of sustainable funding and the lack of comprehensive regional resource monitoring. Policy sequencing emerges as an intentional policy design tool for crafting smarter, more adaptive regulations toward sustainability, within the broader context of climate governance across time and levels of governance. This study aims to develop a policy sequencing model as a mechanism for incrementally increasing policy stringency and feasibility, with the goal of progressively enhancing sustainable marine governance within the Global South context. This study applies both primary and secondary data through stakeholder interviews and literature review, with policy interventions classified according to their categories: supporting, foundational, and advanced. A clear sequencing pattern is identified: NGOs provided foundational interventions through marine ecological assessments and initiated the MPA proposal; local communities engaged through the Deklarasi Tomolol, integrating customary areas into formal conservation zones; and the government formalized the recognition of local knowledge through regional regulations. Advanced policies including result-based payments (RBP) and science-based monitoring are recommended to address funding gaps and external pressures such as climate change and industrial waste. Policy sequencing offers a structured pathway of foundational, supporting, and advanced policies, enhancing coordination among actors and promoting synergy between instruments.
The impact of multiple taxation on the survival and Sustainable Growth of Small And Medium Tourism Enterprises (SMTES) in Afghanistan
Oria, Hafizullah; Rizky Wisnoentoro; Istiana Maftuchah (Universitas Islam Internasional Indonesia, 2025-08-20)
This study investigates The Impact of Multiple Taxation on The Survival and Sustainable Growth of Small and Medium Tourism Enterprises (SMTEs) In Afghanistan. These enterprises are vital to both developed and developing economies due to their contributions to production, innovation, employment, and competition. They promote entrepreneurial skills and economic dynamism. However, their operations are increasingly undermined by the burden of multiple and overlapping taxes. The research uses a mixed-methods approach, combining qualitative and quantitative data. Qualitative data, gathered through interviews and interpreted from a phenomenological perspective, captures the lived experiences and viewpoints of SMTE owners. Quantitative data, collected through structured questionnaires, is analysed using tables, charts, and SPSS software for clearer interpretation. The findings reveal that multiple taxation in Afghanistan is driven by several factors, including the government’s efforts to boost tax revenues, conflicts between different tax authorities, poor tax policy design, attempts to recover public service costs, protection of local industries, and environmental recovery initiatives. As a result, SMTEs face numerous taxes, such as those on restaurants, hotels, tour operators, value-added tax (VAT), petroleum, stamp duties, local excise duties, and infrastructure levies. These taxes have significant negative consequences for SMTEs. They increase operational costs, restrict business growth, cause inflationary pressures, lead to inefficient use of time, discourage investment, and promote tax evasion. Many SMTEs struggle to stay in business, especially during their early years, due to limited cash flow and financial strain caused by high tax obligations. The study concludes that to ensure the sustainability of SMTEs, the Afghan government should minimize frequent changes in tax legislation and involve stakeholders in the policymaking process. Any legal or policy adjustments should be carefully planned and necessary, aiming to create a more stable and supportive environment for small and medium-sized tourism enterprises.