Faculty of Social Sciences

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Browsing Faculty of Social Sciences by Author "Afrimadona"

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    Analysis of Indonesian foreign policy in facing geopolitical dynamics in the Indo-Pacific : comparative foreign policy of Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono (2004-2014) and Joko Widodo (2014-onwards) administrations
    (Universitas Islam Internasional Indonesia, 2023) Sarini; Afrimadona; M. Rifqi Muna
    Today the geopolitics of the Indo-Pacific region has become a question of international concern. The area is also a theater of conflict between regional and great-power countries. Therefore, considering that Indonesia is the Indo-Pacific region's epicenter, the country must adjust its foreign policy in the region. This study examines distinct approaches to the management of the geopolitical dynamics of the Indo-Pacific region during the administrations of President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono (SBY) and President Joko Widodo (Jokowi), with particular focus on how Indonesia responds to conflicts in the South China Sea. The research method in this study is qualitative, using a descriptive approach and developing theories and concepts in the analysis process based on the data collected. This study uses primary and secondary data to gain information about Indonesia's policy strategy and behavior. In analyzing Indonesia's foreign policy, this study looks at the enmeshment strategy from the perspective of hedging theory. Furthermore, this study uses idiosyncratic theory as an analytical knife to see why the two governments took different positions. The results of this study indicate that Indonesia's foreign policy during both the SBY and Jokowi administrations in dealing with geopolitical turmoil in the Indo-pacific, especially in the South China Sea conflict, used an enmeshment strategy. However, the difference is that during SBY's time, Indonesia's foreign policy approach was more likely to be normative and globalist, while during the Jokowi administration, it has tended to be more assertive and pragmatic. In addition, the results of the idiosyncratic theory analysis found that the leader's personality type had implications for leadership style and foreign policy decisions. Therefore, the SBY and Jokowi administrations have different foreign policy approaches in dealing with geopolitical dynamics in the Indo-pacific.
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    Personality traits and presidential political risktaking behavior : Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono and Joko Widodo case studies
    (Universitas Islam Internasional Indonesia, 2024) Ismail Alviano; A'an Suryana; Afrimadona
    Why do presidents in various similar situations display differences in decision making in situations involving risk? Previous presidential studies have considered differences in personality traits as a strong factor influencing differences in presidential attitudes and behavior. Existing literature has succeeded in proving the role of personality in the context of presidential behavior, such as campaign style and leadership style. Despite this, the president's attitude and behavior toward risk is still an untouched puzzle. This thesis offers the influence of personality trait variables that underlie differences in a president‟s risk-taking behavior. To prove this hypothesis, this study was carried out by conducting a multi-case study involving Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono and Joko Widodo as two Indonesian presidents who had many similar situations but had many differences in their decision making. The method used in this research is assessment-at-distance using measurement techniques through adaptation of the big five personality traits and risk-taking behavior scale. The findings of this study support the existence of differences in personality traits that underlie presidential differences in risk taking. Through the analysis result, it was found that presidents with personality traits of high openness to experience with low conscientiousness and neuroticism tend to be risk takers. On the other hand, presidents with high extraversion, agreeableness and neuroticism will tend to avoid risk.
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    The effect of external interventions on Civil War duration
    (Universitas Islam Internasional Indonesia, 2023) Al-Aini, Mohammed Ahmed Ali; Afrimadona; Ridwan
    This study aims to explore the impact of third-party interventions on the duration of civil wars, which are characterized by varying durations ranging from a few days to several decades. So under what conditions can third party interventions shorten the duration of civil wars? To address this research objective, two primary hypotheses have been identified to guide the investigation: (1) the effect of regional versus non-regional interventions, (2) the influence of neighboring versus distant interventions, in reducing the duration of civil wars. To provide a comprehensive examination of this phenomenon, a systematic review of the existing literature has been undertaken, employing quantitative and qualitative research methods. The insights obtained from this study will significantly contribute to the discourse on the role of external actors in resolving civil conflicts by highlighting the conditions under which third-party interventions are most effective in reducing the duration of civil wars. These findings hold valuable implications for the design and implementation of future intervention strategies and for the broader theoretical and empirical debates on the effectiveness of third-party interventions in resolving civil conflicts.
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    The impact of terrorist attacks on foreign direct investment : evidence from the Muslim world
    (Universitas Islam Internasional Indonesia, 2024) Ghulam Ruchma Algiffary; Ridwan; Samuel David Blanch; Afrimadona
    Do terrorist attacks with target variations affect foreign direct investment in the Muslim World? This thesis uses the panel data regression method (time-series and crossunits) with a quantitative approach based on 47 Muslim countries over 20 years to answer the question. The estimation model selected to provide the best prediction results in this research data is the random effect model. This thesis uses Stata 17 software as a panel data processing tool. The prediction result of this thesis is the impact of five variations of terrorist attack targets (business, tourist, government, police, and transportation) on foreign direct investment in the year after the attack. The Muslim World is the object of study because foreign direct investment is the main source of economic prosperity in these countries. The classification of terrorist attack variations is useful to determine the specific impact on foreign direct investment. The hypothesis and rationalization for determining research variables are based on Simon's political risk analysis. Political risk illustrates the classification of terrorist attack variations in affecting foreign investment assets and government. The vulnerability of Muslim countries in the face of political conflict (terrorism) and their dependence on foreign direct investment to support their respective macroeconomies makes this topic a necessary area of study. This thesis found that terrorist attacks on business targets (negative impact), police (negative impact), and government (positive impact) have a significant impact on foreign direct investment in the Muslim World. Meanwhile, terrorist attacks on tourist and transportation targets have no significant impact. Four variables that are the main components of FDI were included in the model to eliminate bias in the statistical calculation (OVB). The four variables are political globalization, political stability, trade openness, and Gross Domestic Product (GDP).
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    Why do countries pursue a feminist foreign policy? a comparasion between developed and developing countries : the case of Sweden, Canada, Colombia, and Mexico
    (Universitas Islam Internasional Indonesia, 2023) Sonia So'imatus Sa'adah; Philips J. Vermonte; Afrimadona
    This study seeks to examine the necessary conditions for countries to pursue a feminist foreign policy. By applying the method of agreement and focusing on the cases of Sweden, Canada, Mexico, and Colombia, which integrate a feminist foreign policy, this research aims to observe why countries with different socioeconomic development statutes chose to adopt this political strategy. Scholars have argued that domestic politics and international politics are strongly intertwined. What happens in national politics can often shape a country's foreign policy to a certain degree. With this as a background, this study recognizes that domestic forces and transnational forces are interdependent and interconnected. Thus, I argue that a strong feminist movement is a necessary condition for countries to pursue a feminist foreign policy. The interplay between pressure from domestic forces (feminist movements) and transnational forces results in a "pincers' effect" (Friedman, 2008), which leads states to put emphasize a gender- responsive foreign policy. In other words, the existence of a strong feminist movement is a required condition for countries to adopt a feminist foreign policy.