Capstone Project - Public Policy

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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14576/523

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    The impact of climate-induced disasters (floods) on genderbased violence and child marriage in West Java, Indonesia
    (Universitas Islam Internasional Indonesia, 2025-07-17) Mohammed, Islam Karem Rouby; Sonny Mumbunan
    This Capstone project examines the impact of climate-induced disasters, particularly floods, on gender-based violence (GBV) and child marriage in West Java, Indonesia. The research is set against the backdrop of increasing flood events driven by climate change and growing concerns about their social consequences, especially for women and girls. West Java was selected as a case study due to its high population density, elevated disaster risk, and clear indicators of rising cases of GBV and early marriage during disaster periods. The study is based on a narrative literature review using secondary data, including reports from governmental and international institutions such as the National Disaster Management Authority (BNPB), the Ministry of Women’s Empowerment and Child Protection (MoWECP), and the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), alongside academic studies published between 2016 and 2024. The research approach involved analyzing potential links between floods and increased violence against women and girls, as well as families’ engagement in harmful coping mechanisms such as child marriage. The findings indicate a possible connection between the rise in flood frequency and increased incidents of GBV and child marriage. Data show that during peak flood years—especially 2020 and 2021 there were significant increases in these social phenomena. The evidence suggests that displacement, the breakdown of social protection systems, and the absence of gender-sensitive planning in shelters all contribute to greater exposure of women and girls to violence and abuse. The study also highlights the role of cultural factors, particularly within Sundanese communities in West Java, in reinforcing these trends during crises. Traditional norms such as the concept of Pamali shape conservative expectations for girls’ behavior, making early marriage a socially acceptable response during emergencies. Government reports have documented sharp increases in applications for child marriage, especially in regions like Cirebon and Tasikmalaya, where economic vulnerability intersects with frequent flooding and weak protection systems. Although the study does not claim a direct causal relationship between flooding and these social issues, it points to a potential link that needs to conduct further empirical research both qualitative and quantitative to better understand how environmental and social factors interact over time and to determine the extent to which floods act as a trigger or accelerator for these harmful social outcomes. It also underscores the urgent need for disaster response policies that incorporate gender considerations and provide comprehensive protection for women and children during emergencies