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Item Open Access Longitudinal study of school climate instrument with secondary school students : validity and reliability analysis with the rasch model(University of Malaya, 2024-10) Siti Nadya Zynuddin; Bambang SumintonoThe school climate plays a pivotal role in students’ outcomes. Previous literature has highlighted several methodological approaches employed in the school climate domain, including longitudinal studies. However, little is known about the validity and reliability of school climate instruments for longitudinal studies using Rasch analysis. Rasch model is a powerful approach to validate assessment on both item and test levels. Rasch model is coined from the probability of each response and includes item difficulty parameters to characterize the measured items. Moreover, the score represents the item and the person involved with the assessment. Thus, the current study aimed to validate school climate instruments for longitudinal studies with a six-month gap within the context of secondary school students by utilising Rasch analysis. This study evaluated aspects of reliability and validity, such as unidimensionality, rating scale analysis, item fit statistics, item targeting, and differential item functioning. A total of 1,495 secondary school students from public schools in Selangor, Malaysia, completed a 28-item Malay version of the school climate survey at Time-1 and Time-2, with a six-month gap. The results of the Rasch analysis indicated that the instrument had excellent reliability and separation indices, excellent unidimensionality and construct validity, a functional rating scale, good item-person targeting, and good item fit statistics. The current findings provided valid and reliable insights pertinent for policymakers to strategise interventions and initiatives to enhance the quality of school climate and overall education, particularly in the Asian context.Item Open Access Measuring the impact of Islamic values-based scientific literacy on scientific competency of madrasah teachers(Society for Research and Knowledge Management, 2024-04-30) Asiyah Asiyah; Deni Febrini; Adrian Topano; Abdul Aziz Mustamin; M. Arif Rahman HakimBased on the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) 383, 382, 403 assessment, the scientific literacy level of students in Indonesia remains relatively low. This study seeks to ascertain the outcomes of scientific competency assessments and scientific literacy when combined with Islamic principles, as well as its impact on the science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) approach employed in education. The study was carried out from February to November 2023 and included quantitative research methods. The instruments employed in this investigation encompassed observation and test sheets. The research findings on the STEM approach have a substantial influence on the scientific competence and scientific literacy of prospective madrasah instructors. This impact was determined by the independent samples t-test with equal variances. If the significance (2-tailed) is less than 0.05, then the hypothesis is accepted. In this study, the independent samples t-test was used to assess both scientific competence and scientific literacy. It was found that the values obtained indicated equal variances. The significance level was assumed to be less than 0.05, indicating that the hypothesis, which indicates that there is an influence, is accepted. In addition, the control class had an average score of 67.52% on the scientific competency pre-test and a score of 70.85% on the post-test. The experimental class, on the other hand, had a pre-test score of 66.63% and a post-test score of 79.00%. The average score for the scientific literacy test in the control class was 57.63% before the test and 74.90% after the test. In the experimental class, the pre-test score was 61.70% and the post-test score was 77.30%. The statistics clearly indicate a notable disparity in the mean score between the pre-test and post-test scores for both competence and scientific literacy in the experimental class trial. The implementation of the STEM approach resulted in a significant improvement in the average score of prospective teachers (post-test), indicating a positive impact on the scientific competence and literacy of prospective madrasah teachers.Item Open Access Eksplorasi pembelajaran literasi membaca nyaring interaktif dan buku berkualitas dalam kurikulum merdeka(Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo, 2024-08-30) Tati Lathipatud Durriyah; Catur Niasari; Iin AfriyantiPemerintah Indonesia mengeluarkan kebijakan standar kompetensi pengajaran literasi guru, yang meliputi kemampuan guru dalam membantu siswa dalam mengakses, menggunakan, menafsirkan, dan mengkomunikasikan informasi dan gagasan melalui berbagai teks sesuai dengan karakteristik dan kebutuhan siswa (Kementerian Pendidikan RI, 2022a). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempromosikan membaca nyaring dan pemilihan buku interaktif dalam pembelajaran literasi bagi guru Sekolah Dasar Negeri di Depok, Jawa Barat, Indonesia. Studi kasus kualitatif ini mengeksplorasi pemahaman dan praktik guru dalam memilih buku dan mengintegrasikan kegiatan membaca nyaring dengan hasil pembelajaran dalam Kurikulum Merdeka. Enam guru berpartisipasi dalam penelitian ini, yang melibatkan pengumpulan data melalui survei, focus group discussion (FGD), wawancara, observasi dan refleksi lisan. Dengan menggunakan analisis data tematik manual, penelitian ini berfokus pada praktik guru memilih buku berjenjang dan mengintegrasikan diskusi dalam membacakan nyaring dengan Hasil Pembelajaran (Capaian Pembelajaran). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa guru mulai mengungkapkan pemahamannya terhadap pemilihan buku. Tema besar yang muncul seperti; pemilihan buku berkualitas penting serta tantangan dalam memilih buku yang berkualitas. Dalam konteks pembelajaran literasi, muncul juga beberapa tema yang menjadi refleksi guru dalam melakukan kegiatan membaca nyaring interaktif sesuai dengan capaian pembelajaran, yaitu; manfaat, kesadaran untuk persiapan kelas yang lebih baik, ruang diskusi interaktif dan pelatihan berkelanjutan.Item Open Access Korban kekerasan dalam pacaran yang sulit meninggalkan hubungannya(Fakultas Psikologi Universitas Indonesia dan Ikatan Psikologi Sosial-Himpunan Psikologi Indonesia, 2024-08-27) Ratu Ifthiharfi; Charyna Ayu Rizkyanti; Muhammad AkhyarKasus kekerasan dalam pacaran (KDP) menjadi salah satu kasus dengan angka tertinggi di Indonesia. Hanya saja, kebanyakan korban KDP memilih untuk bertahan dalam hubungannya dan mengampuni pasangannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji apakah strategi regulasi emosi memediasi hubungan antara komponen kelekatan romantis terhadap empati pada KDP. Partisipan penelitian merupakan korban KDP berusia 18-29 tahun (N= 367) yang berdomisili di pulau Jawa. Sampel penelitian dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan teknik volunteer (opt-in) panels, yaitu partisipan bersedia berpartisipasi dalam penelitian setelah melihat ajakan di laman situs web tanpa direkrut secara resmi. Penelitian ini menggunakan instrumen Basic Empathy Scale untuk mengukur empati afektif dan empati kognitif, Experiences in Close Relationships Inventory untuk mengukur komponen kelekatan romantis, yaitu avoidance dan anxiety serta Emotion Regulation Questionnaire untuk mengukur strategi regulasi emosi, yaitu reappraisal dan suppression. Teknik analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis mediasi F. Hayes model ke-4. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa strategi reappraisal memediasi pengaruh komponen avoidance terhadap empati afektif dan kognitif. Implikasi dalam penelitian ini untuk para terapis diharapkan dapat membentuk attachment positif pada korban KDP agar korban KDP dapat menstabilkan empati kognitif dan afektifnya serta tidak terjebak dalam hubungan yang terdapat kekerasan.Item Open Access Disinformasi di YouTube : pemilihan presiden 2019 dan 2024(Aliansi Jurnalis Independen (AJI) Indonesia, 2024-07-24) Purnama Alamsyah; Gustaf Wijaya; Lukman Nul HakimKesenjangan (gap) literasi digital salah satunya karena kurangnya minat baca dan cek fakta, membawa arus deras hoaks dan disinformasi seakan tidak terbendung (Kemenkominfo, 2022). Penanganannya juga mengalami banyak tantangan, di mana sumber daya yang ada seakan tidak sebanding dengan arus deras disinformasi. Hal ini kemudian dimanfaatkan pihak–pihak tertentu untuk menciptakan situasi yang menguntungkan salah satu kelompok. Dalam kontestasi politik, hal ini tampak nyata. Bagaimana saling serang terjadi, kampanye – kampanye kasar dengan disinformasi dan hoaks yang menyesatkan pun terjadi. Kemudahan konten diproduksi, serta kebebasan berpendapat di Indonesia yang tidak dibarengi dengan etika yang memadai, membuat konten – konten keruh bertebaran. Bagaimana informasi ini bergulir di Youtube, fenomena apa saja yang muncul, utamanya dalam periode Pemilihan Presiden 2024? Serta topik–topik apa saja yang menjadi “sumbu” utama disinformasi? Pertanyaan–pertanyaan ini akan coba dijawab oleh bab ini.Item Open Access Selecting the top artisan woodcraft projects using many facet rasch measurement (MFRM) model(Atlantis Press, 2024-08-22) Mohd Zali Mohd Nor; Bambang Sumintono; Mohd Shaharul Nizam; Zulkifle SaniOnce a year, the Geng Seni Kayu Kreatif (GSKK – Creative Woodworkers Group) society conducts a competition for budding craft persons to showcase their ideas and skills. The main objectives were two-fold. First is to check if the selected rubrics are suitable. Second was to rank the woodcraft entries, as fairly as possible. 12 items were identified to measure the woodcraft quality aspects. 20 craft entries were randomly rated by three judges. Rasch MFRM model was used to analyze and rank the items and entries. Item mean is 0.46 and reliability is 0.88. Rater reliability 0.98 indicates raters could reliably separate the entries and items. None of the entries were found misfitting. The scale structure did not exhibit disordered Rasch-Andrich thresholds and had good progressive average measures. Only three entries (E13, E16 and E20) were identified with significant bias among raters, due to significant stricter marks given by one of the raters. Overall, this framework rubric is considered useful for judging woodcraft competitions. It provides non, or very little bias on judgement, and allow less time to judge a competition. However higher-order items need to be improved for future competition, to segregate top entries.Item Open Access Development and validation of students’ competency instrument on science process skills(Atlantis Press, 2024-08-22) Ellyza Karim; Syakima Ilyana Ibrahim; Hanani Harun Rasit; Bambang SumintonoScience process skills are fundamental to science learning and consequently promote scientific literacy among students. Scientists use these skills to construct knowledge during investigation. Thus, science process skills should be acquired not only by scientists, but by all individuals. This study reviews the validity and reliability of an instrument development for science process skills usinginterval rating scale as answer choice ranging from poor to excellent. This instrument was developed based on the perception of 300 respondents who were the primary school leavers, aged thirteen. As the instrument was newly developed, a pilot study was conducted to determine the empirical proof on the validity and reliability of the test. A total of 68 items were constructed in the test using verified indicators based on the experts and literature reviews. Rasch Measurement Model was employed to analyse the data. Overall, the person reliability is found at 0.97 while the item reliability is 0.99. The range of Point Measure Correlation (PMC) is positive between 0.33 to 0.67 for all items. All items are accepted as the outfit mean square (MNSQ) has the range between 0.59 and 1.55 while the infit MNSQ is between 0.74 to 1.56 indicating a good measure of latent variables for item fit. Based on the item map, the findings suggest that, for experimenting skill, only 11% of students could design scientific steps independently. Meanwhile, for using space and time relationship skill, respondents reported that the item ‘determination for the object position with time’ was the most excellent item. The scale used in this instrument was also found to adequately measure the latent constructs of science process skills.Item Open Access Using rasch model to assess the foreign language speaking anxiety scale (flsas) among university students in Salatiga, Indonesia(Atlantis Press, 2024-08-22) Rizki Parahita Anandi; Bambang Sumintono; Muhammad Azhar Zailaini; Resa SyafitriThis research was aimed to investigate the use of the instrument Foreign Language Speaking Anxiety Scale (FLSAS) with Rasch measurement model approach. About 46 Arabic Language Education students have participated in the study. Rasch model provided some analysis to examine the quality aspect of an instrument reliability and validity. The findings revealed that both value of person (0.90) and item (0.92) reliability are considered very high. There were 2 misfit items in the questionnaire based on the criteria of acceptable value in Outfit MNSQ, Outfit ZSTD and Point Measure Correlation, therefore, they were eliminated. The value of raw variance of the questionnaire was 49% and the unexplained variance index of it did not exceed 15%. This result indicated that the questionnaire was valid in terms of its internal validity and it can be used to measure students’ anxiety in speaking Arabic language. Regard to rating scale analysis, it is revealed that one of the five-point rating scale need to be collapsed. The Wright map showed one item which was placed on the top of the map that represented the situation where students did not feel anxious when speaking Arabic language. On the other hand, the map also showed an item at the bottom of the map which means that most of students get anxious when speaking Arabic language in that situation. Overall, FLSAS instrument is appropriate to be used by the foreign language teachers to measure students’ speaking anxiety.Item Open Access Exploration of leadership development challenges among MARA college lecturers(2024) Norashdimah Misdi; Fadzliyati Kamaruddin; Zuraidah Abdullah; Bambang SumintonoThe educational change in the 21st Century has resulted in more dynamic leadership among educators. Thus, the issue of challenges in terms of leadership among educators becomes the focus of the present study. The purpose of this study is to explore the challenges faced by MARA College lecturers in an effort to improve their leadership level. The research design uses a qualitative method involving two instruments, namely an open-ended questionnaire and a face-to-face structured interview. A total of 37 lecturers from four MARA colleges, consisting of 9 males and 28 females participated in this study. The findings identified several factors that hinder the development of leadership among the lecturers at MARA College. It was discovered that factors such as time constraints, an unsupportive environment, and the level of lecturers' readiness became obstacles for the lecturers at MARA College to conduct action research related to T&L activity. Furthermore, feeling insecure and being negative are the internal factors, in addition to negative reactions from peers around, that also prevent the lecturers of MARA College from carrying out their knowledge-sharing activities. Thus, the management and lecturers at MARA College are advised to collectively evaluate and pay attention to action research activities that address local problems so that the learning atmosphere among lecturers can be strengthened and this can subsequently empower leadership among lecturers at MARA CollegeItem Open Access Unity in diversity : examining religious moderation across religions in Indonesia(Sekretariat Badan Litbang dan Diklat Kementerian Agama RI, 2024-06-30) Muhamad Maulana; Nabila Nindya Alifia Putri; Zihan FahiraIndonesia's rich religious diversity, epitomized by the concept of "Unity in Diversity," presents both opportunities and challenges. This study delved into religious moderation across Indonesia's six recognized religions, Islam, Christianity (Catholic and Protestant), Hinduism, Buddhism, and, Confucianism, defining it as a commitment to tolerance, inclusivity, and critical thought within religious contexts. In addition to these six religions, Indonesia is unique in recognizing the existence of diverse indigenous beliefs according to different tribes and cultures. Through a literature review, the study revealed that religious moderation varies across different faith communities, yet remains crucial for fostering peace and harmonious coexistence. Interfaith initiatives, religious institutions, and education were identified as key factors in promoting religious moderation. The study concludes that embracing the diverse expressions of religious moderation is essential for building a more inclusive and harmonious Indonesia, where “Bhinneka Tunggal Ika” transcends rhetoric to become a vibrant reality.Item Embargo Unleashing the potential : spatializing middle school mathematics for enhanced learning(Springer Nature, 2024-07-19) Destina Wahyu Winarti; Sitti Maesuri Patahuddin; Tom LowrieThis study assessed the effectiveness of a spatialized mathematics intervention on the mathematical performance and spatial visualization skills of students from an underprivileged Indonesian community. Grade 8 students (N = 407) were assigned to one of twelve experimental classes, receiving the spatial mathematics intervention, or one of seven control classes, continuing with the standard mathematics curriculum. Prior to and following the intervention, a pre-test and post-test design was administered. The data were analyzed using Analysis of Covariance to ascertain the effect of the intervention. Results revealed that the students in the experimental group exhibited significant improvements in spatial visualization skills and mathematics performance (including both spatial and non-spatial competencies), compared to the control group. Importantly, the findings provide evidence that the transfer effects of the spatialized curriculum occur differentially for students of varying ability levels. The findings highlight the importance of spatial intervention in enhancing mathematics performance and spatial visualization skills. The study suggests potential avenues for a paradigm shift in mathematics education that recognizes and embraces the profound influence of spatial thinking.Item Open Access God in Awe and Intimacy : Jewish and Muslim Perspectives on Understanding and Pronouncing the Name(s) of God and its Relation to the Humanitarian Crisis(Fakultas Ushuluddin dan Humaniora, Universitas Islam Negeri Walisongo Semarang, 2024-06-11) Nanik YuliyantiThe concept of God is essential for both Jews and Muslims. Instead of using the terms Judaism and Islam, this study considers the terms Jews/Jewish and Muslims as more proper to focus on human beings as the subject of religion who are open to dialogue and change. Loving God’s creations is a process of loving the Creator. Thus, this study tries to connect Jewish and Muslim understanding and belief in God’s Names and its implications for their actions concerning the humanitarian crisis, especially today’s Israel-Palestine relationship. This study applies the content and comparative analysis of the texts (documents, videos, and pictures) related to the issue, along with the teachings of Isaac Luria and Mulla Sadra. In addition, a phenomenological approach is also used as it leads to an effort to understand religious thought and behavior from the point of view of the religious person. This study revealed that how humans understand Divine Names is manifested in how they treat each other. As human beings are the best manifestation of God, how we see, treat, and interact with others reflects our understanding of God’s names and vice versa. God’s names are all beautiful. Therefore, those who believe in God will do good to themselves, others, and the universe.Item Open Access Understanding The Complexities of Teaching Marginalized Groups And Promoting Inclusive Education in Masjid Terminal School : Teachers’ Perspective(Universitas Islam Internasional Indonesia Press, 2024-06-28) Wiwin Indiana; Mariam UlpahBehind the success of the government programs, various educational phenomena in Depok City must still be resolved, one of which is education for marginalized communities. “Marginalized people” is a more accurate description of the urban poor. Consequently, the paramount task for the government is to harness the potential of these underprivileged individuals through the promotion of inclusive education. The Masjid Terminal School (Master School) is one of the schools in Depok that provides inclusive education. A qualitative method with a case study approach is used in this study. Semi-structured interviews, classroom observations and post-observation interviews were conducted to collect the data. The findings of this study revealed that the challenges faced by students at Master School differ significantly from those encountered at other schools. Given that Master School is tailored for underprivileged students, economic hardships emerge as one of their most formidable obstacles. Nevertheless, students at Master School are afforded opportunities to enhance their capacities and skills while enrolled, as the school not only provides tuition-free lessons but also offers a variety of extracurricular activities open to all students. Furthermore, teachers and staff at Master School actively support students with a strong desire to pursue higher education, with many students having secured scholarships to study abroad.Item Open Access The Challenges and Opportunities of Underprivileged Urbanized People in Accessing Education : A Case Study in Depok City(Universitas Islam Internasional Indonesia Press, 2024-06-28) M Syauqi Asfiya’ R; Wiwin WindianaUrbanization is one factor influencing poverty in Indonesia’s major cities. Urbanization in Indonesia is characterized by migration of residents from villages to cities to improve their standard of living and try their luck in the city. However, many urbanized people who move from villages to cities need more education and specific skills. As a result, they need help to find easier and more decent jobs, even though cities provide more jobs. This condition causes many urbanized people to end up as underprivileged, such as street people busking at red lights and on the streets. This research aimed to examine the challenges and opportunities faced by underprivileged urbanized people in accessing education. The research used a qualitative case study approach. The participants in this study are urbanized people who move from villages to cities but end up being underprivileged in the cities they attend. Furthermore, the researchers used an interactive data analysis by Morse (1994), comprehending, synthesizing, theorizing and recontextualizing. The findings of this study are expected to provide a true picture of urbanized people and underprivileged people’s education. The results showed that the underprivileged urbanized people in Liu village, Depok face several challenges in fulfilling their education, such as difficulty enrolling their children in public school and paying school fees. Besides their opportunities to access education, they are already aware of government assistance, such as KIP and KDS programs, which allow them to pay their children’s tuition fees with LKS money.Item Open Access Scholarly Discourse on Equity, Inclusion, and Education by Scholars in Indonesia : A Bibliometric and Science Mapping Analysis(Universitas Islam Internasional Indonesia Press, 2024-06-28) Moosa, Visal; Charyna Ayu Rizkyanti; Bambang SumintonoEquity, inclusion, and education are remarkable elements encompassed in the United Nations sustainable development goals (SDGs). As such, there is a growing number of publications on these topics presenting some challenges to envision an overarching understating of the connections among these subjects. Hence, the purpose of the current study is to explore the body of research that involves equity, inclusion, and education that is contributed by Indonesian academia by employing bibliometric and science mapping analysis. The search was conducted on SCOPUS database which resulted in some 400 plus documents after applying the pre-defined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data was analyzed employing various bibliometric analysis indicators such as number of publications, contributing institutions, citation, co-citation, and keywords. Microsoft excel and VOSviewer software was employed for conducting the analysis. The findings revealed that the number of publications and citations on the topics has been quiet fluctuating. Analyses of the intellectual and conceptual structure revealed that trans-disciplinary nature of scholarship on the topic. Based on the findings, the needs for a greater emphasis on research in these areas by Indonesian institutions/researchers are realized. It is also suggested that researchers employ an integrated approach by investigating variables from the policy and practice perspectives as well as at an organizational or systemic level. The findings are string support that education is an integral component of achieving equity and inclusion which should be taken into account while devising policies and implementing the same.Item Open Access Validation of the Indonesian version of the psychological capital questionnaire (PCQ) in higher education : a Rasch analysis(Emerald Publishing Limited, 2024-06-20) Ika Zenita Ratnaningsih; Unika Prihatsanti; Anggun Resdasari Prasetyo; Bambang SumintonoThe present study aimed to validate the Indonesian-language version of the psychological capital questionnaire (PCQ), specifically within the context of higher education, by utilising Rasch analysis to evaluate the reliability and validity aspect such as item-fit statistics, rating scale function, and differential item functioning of the instrument. These questionnaires are designed to assess students' initial psychological status, aiming to ease their transition from school to university and monitor undergraduate students' mental health. Design/methodology/approach A total of 1,012 undergraduate students (female = 61.2%; male = 38.8%) from a university in Central Java, Indonesia completed the 24-item Indonesian version of the PCQ. The sampling technique used is quota sampling. Data were analysed using The Rasch model analysis, it was performed using the Winsteps 3.73 software. Findings The results of the Rasch analysis indicated that the reliability of the instrument was good (a = 0.80), item quality was excellent (1.00), and person reliability was consistent (0.77). In the validity aspect, all four domains of the PCQ exhibited unidimensionality, and a rating scale with four answer choices was deemed appropriate. The study also identifies item difficulty level in each dimension. Practical implications The practical implications of this study are beneficial for higher education institutions. They can use the validated Indonesian version of the PCQ to monitor the mental well-being of undergraduate students. Mapping the PsyCap can serve as a basis for developing and determining learning policies, potentially leading to improvements in student academic performance. The theoretical implications of this study are related to the advancement of measurement theory. By employing Rasch analysis, the study contributes to enhancing the validity and reliability of measurement, particularly in the context of educational and psychological assessment in Indonesia. Originality/value This current study confirmed that the Indonesian version of PCQ adequately measures psychological capital in higher education, particularly in the Indonesian context.Item Open Access Implementation of English as Foreign Language Teaching during Pre- and Post-COVID-19 Pandemic : A Narrative Review(Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, 2024-05-14) Rahimi, MahmoodThis study explores the implementation of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) teaching practices pre-covid and post-Covid pandemic. This paper employs a narrative review of selected articles that shed light on instructional challenges and opportunities in the transition from traditional classroom teaching to online and hands-on learning. The methodology employed in this study used the Google Scholar database to select pertinent studies with keywords within the title field, spanning the years 2019-2022. This study acknowledges the impact of the pandemic on English language teaching, highlighting the need for creative teaching methods and a hybrid of online and face-to-face learning for effectiveness. This paper also stresses the significance of ongoing support to address technical challenges and ensure a smooth learning experience for students. The findings highlight the shift from traditional EFL teaching to remote teaching post-COVID, stress challenges such as digital literacy, and limited resources. This necessitates ongoing support for educators to navigate online and blended learning, integrate technology, and adapt to developing teaching methodologies.Item Open Access Learning ecology perspective of instructors to enhance EFL students' speaking skills : a microsystem perspective of bronfenbrenner's bioecological model(English Education Department, Faculty of Education and Teacher Training, Universitas Islam Negeri Walisongo Semarang, 2023-12-27) Rahimi, MahmoodLearning ecology is considered a practical part of language learning, particularly speaking skills. In applicable terms, understanding ecological perspectives assists students in practicing speaking and other language skills better. Given the significance of learning ecology, this study investigates EFL instructors' perspectives on learning ecology to boost students' speaking skills using a microsystem viewpoint of Bronfenbrenner's Bioecological Model. The study stresses the gap in understanding the pivotal role of teachers' learning ecology perspectives in improving students' English-speaking skills. This study applied a qualitative research methodology with a phenomenological design to study teachers' perceptions of learning ecology. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews with EFL Instructors in Indonesia with a triangulation of data sources to ensure validity and reliability. For data analysis, thematic analysis was used to search for reoccurring themes. The findings revealed that EFL instructors in Indonesia perceive learning ecology as highly influential for speaking skills. To take maximum advantage of it, instructors in Indonesia apply strategies like interactive learning and sufficient exposure. However, they also shed light on challenges in terms of the unavailability of native speakers. Their reflection on the microsystem proposed bringing EFL speaking to a more practical context. The findings of this study contribute to our understanding of how teachers may construct a learning environment that fosters the development of ESL learners' speaking skills, influenced by Bronfenbrenner's Bioecological Model’s microsystem layer.Item Open Access Exploring Female Teachers’ Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation to Keep Teaching the Girls in Afghanistan After the Taliban’s Ban on Girls Education(Univesitas Pendidikan Indonesia, 2023-12-08) Samadi, Hangama; Rahimi, Mahmood; Rahimi, FahimGender equality in education has long been a source of debate in Afghanistan. In general, girls face greater barriers to schooling than boys. There have been ups and downs in females' access to education over the decades, the most recent being the country's 20-year Islamic Republic rule. Afghan girls have gained greater access to school over the last two decades. However, the impetus was lost in the middle when the Taliban took control of the country and declared a blanket ban on girls' education at all levels except primary school. Some courageous Afghan women rolled up their sleeves to teach Afghan girls in secrecy. The current study is on the Afghan women's motivation for enabling educational opportunities for Afghan girls despite the ban. Through qualitative design, the study conducted interviews with these brave Afghan women facilitating educational access for Afghan girls. The data analysis applied thematic analysis through a six-stage procedure. The study found that Afghan women are using online and offline approach to reach out to Afghan girls with educational facilities. It was also found that both extrinsic and intrinsic motivation give passion and inspiration to them for teaching. Family, student enthusiasm, gender equality was some of the extrinsic motivation behind their teaching, while intrinsically they were motivated by commitment to teaching, feel of responsibility, and empowering Afghan girls. Nevertheless, they also faced barrier of lack of stable internet, and teaching and learning resources. By measuring their intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, this study intends to contribute to a better understanding of the complex factors that drive female teachers' commitment to educating girls in Afghanistan after the Taliban's prohibition.Item Open Access Elevating Student Engagement through Active Learning Strategy : An Exploratory Study of Instructional Management in State Islamic Junior High School(Universitas Cokroaminoto Palopo, 2023-12-30) Muhammad Jikri; Najminnur Hasanatun Nida; Agustian Ramadana PuteraMany people assume that Islamic subjects are boring because the stereotype of Islamic education always emphasizes memorisation. This research aims to find out the stages of learning management in Islamic subjects using Active Learning Strategy (ALS) to stimulate student involvement in the classroom. The data collection methods used are observation of teachers to observe how the ALS process is implemented in the classroom, interviews with teachers regarding learning management, and documentation by looking at lesson plans that have been made by teachers. The study of MTsN 4 Barito Kuala in South Kalimantan province where this school has successfully integrated Islamic subjects, student involvement, and ALS. The results of this study are: 1) We can track all the teachers' planning through the lesson plan they made and the document stated clearly they stimulate students to be active. 2) Teachers have implemented various ALS methods such as Everyone Is A Teacher Here, Index Card Match, and Team Quiz so that the atmosphere created is fun, warm, and enthusiastic. 3) To appreciate as well as encourage students to be engaged, teachers do not only assess the cognitive aspects of students but extend the range of evaluation to the affective and psychomotor domains using Behaviour-based Evaluation so that all processes are taken into account.