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Item Embargo Women leadership at higher education in Indonesia and Malaysia : a comparative study on muslim society(Universitas Islam Internasional Indonesia, 2024) Alifia Zahratul Adha; Syafiq HasyimThis study explores the leadership experiences of women in Indonesia and Malaysia at universities. As is currently being discussed, women's leadership is still below 30%, both in the government and education sectors, even though there are many governments and non-government programs that emphasize the importance of women's leadership and also about the rights of women who should also be able to lead, such as SDGS number 5 which socializes the importance of gender equality in various sectors. This phenomenon persists despite significant progress made in increasing women's participation in higher education. Here researchers explore the history, reasons and solutions for the lag behind women in leadership at universities in Muslim-majority countries, namely Indonesia and Malaysia. Using qualitative methods, researchers conducted literature studies and also interviewed several faculty deans from both Indonesia and Malaysia. And the glass ceiling theory explains that there are obstacles for women to advance to higher levels of office, so that it is difficult for women to become leaders. And in this research, researchers found that several factors with the most influential values, such as religious interpretation and patriarchy, are no longer strong barriers. The results of this research in interviews show that women in Indonesia and Malaysia do not have a mature readiness to lead and prioritize family in comparison. leadership itself. This is certainly caused by various factors such as the lack of leadership training for women. By acknowledging and addressing the cultural, religious, and institutional barriers that hinder women's leadership, this study proposes strategies for bridging the gender gap in senior academic leadership and promoting gender justice and equality in these contexts. Finally, this research contributes to a deeper understanding of the complex factors that shape women's leadership in higher education and suggest practices that can help to break the glass ceiling and promote women's empowerment in these two countries.Item Embargo The negotiating of non-binary genders in muslim Bugis society : between religion and tradition(Universitas Islam Internasional Indonesia, 2024) Nur Aisyah Fadillah; Farid FachruddinThis research examines the concept of five genders in the Muslim Bugis Society in Bone, South Sulawesi. The Bugis society recognize five gender such as oroane (male), makkunrai (female), calabai (male who take on female gender roles), calalai (female who take on male gender roles) and bissu (a gender considered to represent the full spectrum of gender). There is a gap between the belief of the gender system in the local tradition of Bugis society and the Islamic perspective, as it is known that the majority of the people are Muslim. The focus of this research study refers to three points. First, of the existence of non-binary gender adapts to the Islamic religious norms that apply in the Bugis Muslim society as well as the discussion of non-binary gender in Islamic studies discourse, second, how the identity of non-binary gender understood, accepted and negotiated in the context both religion and tradition and last, their challenges and opportunities that non-binary genders face in fighting for their identity. this research uses a qualitative method with a case study in Bone region, South Sulawesi, the data collection technique include interviews with the individual who identify as non-binary gender, the community leader and the government agency as well as document analysis from several sources. This research argues that the existence of non-binary genders in Bone region is a form of traditional belief that demonstrates a unique diversity of gender identity that does not violate the pure teachings of their religion. In fact, the path of bissu is one way to lead a path that is in accordance with Islamic teachings. Their existence also faces challenges such as pros and cons due to various issues as well as stigma and discrimination embedded in society. The findings of this study contribute to a deeper understanding of non-binary genders as part of gender diversity and explain the resilience of cultural traditions in face of social and religious change.Item Embargo The impact of digital technologies on qur’anic education : a comparative study of Indonesia and Nigeria(Universitas Islam Internasional Indonesia, 2024) Abdulganiyu, Mubarak Lawal; Nakissa, AriaThis research intends to examine the impact of various aspects of digital technologies on the process of memorizing the Quran, comparing Indonesia and Nigeria. Via interviews, and reviews of articles, books, and reports, this research identifies some differences and similarities in how digital technologies are integrated into Quranic teaching and learning in both countries. Indonesia has made significant improvements in utilizing digital technologies; the implementation of digital devices and applications has positively impacted learners, educators, and school officials. Conversely, Nigerian students primarily utilize WhatsApp for Quranic teaching and learning due to its accessibility and widespread use. However, Nigeria faces substantial infrastructural challenges, particularly with electricity and internet connectivity, which hinder the effective use of information and communication technologies in education. Teachers from both Indonesia and Nigeria report that digital distractions affect students' concentration, indicating a shared issue. The research emphasizes the need for specific interventions to raise awareness and ensure the effective use of technology, alongside improvements in infrastructure and addressing organizational literacy needs. For Indonesia, this means improving and enhancing the quality of digital tools and reducing their interference, while Nigeria requires essential investments in stable power and internet connectivity for successful and effective learning. The findings of this research can promote the use of digital technologies in Quranic education and support efforts to propose strategies for improvement by addressing the unique concerns of each country, ultimately increasing the efficiency and accessibility of digital methods for Quranic memorization.Item Embargo The development of fatwa on house of worship in Hanafi school : study on changes, dynamics, and justifications(Universitas Islam Internasional Indonesia, 2024) Waskito Wibowo; Syafiq HasyimThis thesis seeks to reveal the development of fiqh rule regarding non-Muslim houses of worship, which is a sensitive object in the history of Muslim societies across the periods. This thesis has two main objectives they are 1) to portray how Hanafi jurists' opinions on non-Muslim houses of worship undergo change and continuity among them along with the influencing factors by taking objects across time and place, and 2) to reveal how several modern Muslim countries, especially countries with the majority of Hanafi madhab adherents, determine their attitude between implementing Islamic law or accommodating the needs of non-Muslims. By employing a literature study using a sociolegal approach that combines legal analysis and sociological perspectives, this thesis proposed an argument that the intellectual pattern and framework of the Hanafi School, which tends to use rationality, often interplay and negotiate intricately with socio-political conditions so that the existence of a fiqh rule on the house of worship occasionally becomes erratic between sticking to norms by prohibiting them or being more open by giving permission but with certain conditions.Item Open Access Re-assessment of ash’arism in modern Indonesia : comparing Harun Nasution and Nurcholish Madjid’s perception(Universitas Islam Internasional Indonesia, 2024) Rizki Romdhoni; Zacky Khirul UmamSince Islam was first transmitted to Indonesia, the Islamic teachings received by the Indonesian people were based on Sufism theories. This necessarily indicates that the Islamic belief system adopted by the Indonesian Muslim community at that time was sunnī-Ash'arī. However, over the years, this doctrine became the object of criticism by a number of modernist thinkers because of its tendency towards fatalism, which was considered to be the cause of the Muslims' backwardness. With regard to the Indonesian context, Harun Nasution and Nurcholish Madjid are two modernist figures who paid attention to such a situation. Although both figures live in the modern era, the fact that they have different arguments on the matter of Ash'arism—Nasution strongly criticizing it while Nurcholish tends to defend this theology—makes their ideas interesting to be explored further. The importance of this study lies in observing the transition of Ash'arism belief through two figures who have several backgrounds in common yet draw conflicting conclusions. Through a comparison of both figures, it can be understood how theological issues are not the only factors contributing to the backwardness of Muslims. As a result, the assumptions surrounding the doctrines of fatalism and irrationality ascribed to Indonesian society remain academically debatable. Ultimately, this research will contribute to the academic debate regarding the perception of Ash'arism and its challenges in the modern and (post)modern period where the religious, social and faith crisis faced by Muslims in Indonesia is no longer the same as in previous periods. This study attempts to identify several factors causing them to have different arguments in repositioning the Ash'arism beliefs within the modern context. By utilizing content analysis method with relational type, this research will analyze the conception of Harun Nasution and Nurcholish Madjid's thoughts that lead them to different opinions on Ash'arism. This method works by presupposing their thoughts as 'windows' that can be viewed to produce an assessment of the emergence of their conceptions of theological thought in the same time and space (modern). The aim is to find a relation known as a concept matrix or a collective ideas interconnected and bound either in a positive or negative way. This research argues that the difference in their assessment of Ash'arism is not solely through the condition of Indonesian society as a representation of the Muslim backwardness, but also due to the influence of two enormous other factors: Islamic reform in the Middle East and the development of Islamic studies within Western academia. This argument will implicate one's understanding of a particular theology, especially Ash'arism. Following this argument the research, one will be more aware of their perception of other possibilities affecting their assessment of certain theologies.Item Embargo Linking classical tafsir to astrophysics : new approach in tafsir ‘ilmi(Universitas Islam Internasional Indonesia, 2024) Shanajasmin OP; Farid F. SaenongThis thesis explores the intricate relationship between modern science and Islam, analyzing Islamic scholars' historical and contemporary approaches to scientific inquiry. It delves into how this relationship has evolved over time, highlighting the contributions and perspectives of both classical and modern Mufassirs. The research identifies key astronomical concepts discussed in the Qur'an, such as helioseismology, selenology, stellar astronomy, black holes, expansion of the universe, etc. It examines their interpretations through the lenses of Tafsir ‘Ilmi and medical materialism. Employing a qualitative research methodology, the study utilizes library research as its primary method. The primary data is sourced from classical Islamic texts, notably "Tafseer Ibn Kathir," and secondary data from modern exegeses like "Fi Zilal-ilQur'an" by Sayyid Qutb and "Tafhim-ul-Quran" by Abul A'la Maududi, as well as scientific articles and previous studies. Additionally, the research incorporates insights from in-depth discussions with renowned scientists and scholars in related fields, providing contemporary perspectives that enrich the analysis. The thesis argues that the relationship between science and Islam is complex and multifaceted, with each domain informing and enriching the other. Historically, medieval Muslim scientists and scholars made significant contributions to various scientific fields, driven by their deep understanding of the Qur'an. These scholars did not view science as a separate field but as a means to explore the deeper meanings of the Qur'anic verses. This holistic approach allowed them to uncover many scientific truths embedded within the religious texts. In the contemporary context, Muslim scholars face both challenges and opportunities in integrating modern scientific knowledge with traditional Islamic teachings. The study highlights the importance of ongoing study and interpretation of the Qur'an to fully understand its divine message in light of current scientific advancements. The thesis concludes by discussing the implications of this research for contemporary Muslim societies and the broader global community. It emphasizes the potential for a harmonious relationship between science and Islam, advocating for a continued dialogue that respects both religious tradition and scientific inquiry.Item Embargo Contested views on Islamic dress in contemporary Morocco : balancing Islam, modernity, and cultural identity(Universitas Islam Internasional Indonesia, 2024) Bouchouk, Oumaima; Bhirawa AnoragaThis thesis explores the complex interplay between clothing, culture, and religion in Morocco, with an emphasis on the hijab and its evolving role and perception. Throughout history, clothing has served as a key indicator of social status, cultural identity, and personal expression, and its evolution reflects broader societal changes. This study traces the historical development of the hijab from its origins to contemporary manifestations, through analyzing its role as a symbol of identity, empowerment, and political expression. The research highlights the impact of colonialism and globalization on Moroccan dress, leading to a unique Moroccan-European hybrid fashion that mixes traditional and modern styles. The study also examines current debates and media representations surrounding the hijab in Moroccan society, while highlighting the diverse perspectives of supporters and opponents. This thesis is achieved through the use of a qualitative research approach, which includes historical analysis, case studies, and content analysis of media representations. It provides a comprehensive understanding of the hijab's role and significance in Morocco.Item Open Access “Fiqh peradaban” the religio-political developments of Nahdlatul Ulama in contemporary Indonesia(Universitas Islam Internasional Indonesia, 2024) Muhammad Yaufi Nur Mutiullah; Yanwar PribadiThis study explores the religio-political development of Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) in contemporary Indonesia, focusing on the leadership era of Yahya Cholil Staquf (Gus Yahya). NU, as the largest Islamic organization in the world, with more than 60 million followers in Indonesia and 30 million worldwide, plays a significant role in harmonizing Islamic teachings with modern socio-political challenges through the concept of Fiqh Peradaban. This study uses an interdisciplinary approach that integrates the interpretation of Islamic legal theory (usūl al-fiqh), Islamic jurisprudence (fiqh), and social science analysis. The research methods include literature study and fieldwork, including interviews with important NU figures as well as analysis of related literature. The findings of this study show that NU in the Gus Yahya era, with the concept of Fiqh Peradaban, had a mission to bring a religious paradigm capable of addressing global issues. Fiqh Peradaban seeks to discuss actual issues relevant to the international context, such as the United Nation (UN) Charter and human rights, which are often overlooked in classical fiqh discourse. Additionally, this study found that NU's civilizational mission did not eliminate the characteristics of NU's traditionalist thinking, which still maintains the study of the yellow book (kitab kuning). This study argues that NU in the Gus Yahya era was different from previous leadership eras, which tended to focus on local and national issues. The concept of Fiqh Peradaban allows NU to play a more active role in global diplomacy without sacrificing its traditionalist principles. From a political perspective, this study also shows that NU's civilizing mission in the Gus Yahya era maintained the central role of the government, even though NU's close relationship with the government could give rise to internal conflict within NU itself.Item Embargo The legal position of children born out of wedlock (comparative study between classical Islamic jurisprudence and the modern Indonesia law)(Universitas Islam Internasional Indonesia, 2024) Muhammad Mufti; al-Marakeby, MuhammadThe issue of the legal position of children born out of wedlock has become an exclusive discussion among Muslim jurists due to its complexity. The legal position of a child itself is essential and pivotal because it gives significant implications for the child’s rights within the family context. This thesis aims to explore the legal position of children born out of wedlock through a comparative study between classical Islamic jurisprudence and modern Indonesian law. On the one hand, classical Islamic jurisprudence has outlined specific principles governing the legal status of children born out of wedlock by restricting legal acknowledgement of children born out of wedlock including their associated civil rights upon their biological fathers. On the other hand, Islamic law which was previously adopted by modern Indonesian law has evolved by involving another legal system such as European law, particularly with the issuance of Constitutional Court Ruling Number 46/PUU-VIII/2010 which has allowed for children born out of wedlock to be attributed to their biological fathers. The research problem in this thesis is formulated into two main research questions as follows: 1) What is the legal position of children born out of wedlock according to Islamic jurisprudence and Indonesian modern law? 2) What made Islamic family law in Indonesia concerning the issue of children out of wedlock different compared to Islamic family law in classical Islamic jurisprudence? As part of library research, data in this thesis is collected from written sources either for primary data or secondary data. Subsequently, the collected data is analyzed using a descriptive-analysis method. The study finding indicates the existence of legal borrowing and legal hybridity of Islamic family law concerning the legal position of children born out of wedlock that has been formalized in Indonesian law with the involvement of biological fatherhood concept which originated from European law. This legal hybridity furthermore could lead to inconsistency, confusion, or even contradiction.Item Embargo The endurance of female leadership in Islamic Southeast Asia: a study of Sultanah Safiatuddin (R. 1641-1675)(Universitas Islam Internasional Indonesia, 2024) Sofi Ghoniyah; Zacky Khairul UmamThe Kingdom of Aceh Darussalam experienced its heyday in the first half of the 17th century. Throughout its history, Aceh Darussalam has been inextricably linked to the role of women. Acehnese women played a multitude of roles in political affairs, serving as court officials and even assuming the role of state leader. The emergence of women as royal leaders was not entirely unexpected, given that Acehnese women had been actively involved in court affairs during the reign of previous kings. Sultanah Safiatuddin, the first queen of Aceh, was able to maintain her reign for almost 35 years without any coups or assassination attempts. This study aims to discuss the factors that enabled Sultanah Safiatuddin to maintain her rule for so long. Although Sultanah Safiatuddin was the first queen of the Kingdom of Aceh Darussalam, she had the same legal sovereignty as her male predecessors. This sovereignty is evidenced by the use of titles, coins, and the royal seal. During her tenure as ruler of Aceh, Sultanah Safiatuddin's reputation for wisdom, the support of court officials, and the influence of scholars contributed to her position as the leader of the Kingdom of Aceh Darussalam. Accounts of Safiatuddin's wisdom are documented in both Acehnese and Western manuscripts and archived. Her effective leadership earned the loyalty of the nobles, who provided invaluable assistance in governance. The scholars who supported her also had a significant impact on the challenges posed by scholars who rejected the leadership of a woman.Item Embargo A study on Islamic values evolution in sekolah Islam terpadu (integrated Islamic school)(Universitas Islam Internasional Indonesia, 2024) Farah Hasballah; Nakissa, AriaThis study aims to analyze the evolution of the integration of Islamic values within the Integrated Islamic School Network (Jaringan Sekolah Islam Terpadu, JSIT) curriculum book (Standar Mutu). JSIT serves as a network or organization and not as an educational institution. The JSIT curriculum initially included Hadiths and Quranic verses, emphasizing Islam's fundamental writings and Muslim Brotherhood leaders' contributions to Indonesia's independence. However, recent editions have shifted to integrating nationalism with Islam, aiming for a more inclusive and centrist approach. This study examines the changing landscape of Islamic education under JSIT, which includes 2568 Islamic schools in Indonesia. Understanding these changes is crucial for Indonesia's educational environment. The methodology employed within the curriculum of JSIT from 2003 to 2023, is by focusing on the revisions made to the “Standar Mutu” book across five editions. To make sense of the shifts in the "Standar Mutu" course outline, I'll be drawing on Gunes Tezcur's Moderation Theory. This theory posits that organizational resources, free electoral competition, and governmental repression are the three causal forces that impact change. I want to find out which of these routes impacts the JSIT school curriculum revisions. This was due to the political conditions at that current time, the meaning of Pancasila and nationalism were no longer used as tools to gain power by the government, so JSIT also did not keep its distance. Apart from that, because JSIT wants to be more relevant with elements of "kekinian" (which is in accordance with the times) and "kedisinian" (local). This is considered important for JSIT, because with a total of 2568 schools under JSIT's responsibility, there are also schools that are apolitical and commercial and they also have the same principles as JSIT to combine Islamic values into the subjects taught. This study sheds light on the relationship between nationalism and Islamic principles, which helps to explain the dynamic curriculum changes in Indonesian Islamic education. It demonstrates the relationship between religion and the state, the application of moderation philosophy, and the global impact on Islamic education.Item indefinitely restricted Sufism and youth post-2011 Egypt analyzing motives in the aftermath of sociopolitical turmoil(Universitas Islam Internasional Indonesia, 2024) Ali, Thanaa Shaker Ahmed; Farid FachruddinItem Embargo Reinvented tradition : promoting qirāʾāt science learning through qur’anic competitions in Northern Nigeria(Universitas Islam Internasional Indonesia, 2024) Yahaya, Nasir; Abdillah, A. MughziThe acceptance of the Qur’an as a unified text with acceptable variations in its recitation is evident and clear to all Muslims. For centuries, Muslims have preserved the Qur’an in multiple ways, including through Qur’anic competitions popularly known as Musabaqah. However, the Malaysian government took the initiative to organize the Musābaqah at the international level in 1961 with the goal of instilling enthusiasm and motivation in Muslims for the constant companionship of the Qur’an. The phenomenon spread to various parts of the globe. Nigeria, being a Muslim-dominated country, has joined the trend of organizing Musabaqah competitions across the nation since 1986. The event was managed and supervised by Usmanu Dan Fodio University, which successfully initiated several categories for Musabaqah participants to compete in. Interestingly, the international inclusion of the Qirāʾāt competition in Saudi Arabia in 2023 led to the introduction of a novel approach to the Nigerian Musābaqah. The new approach requires mastery of the seven recitations (Qirāʾāts) and their narrations (Riwāyats). By utilizing a qualitative research approach and interviewing individuals who have experience and knowledge of Musābaqah, this research explores Musābaqah's contribution to Qirāʾāt learning among its participants in Kaduna State of Nigeria, the historical development of Qirāʾāt in Northern Nigeria, and the unique ways and methods of teaching Qirāʾāt in the state. The findings show that Qirāʾāt knowledge flourished and developed through a series of phases before and after colonialism. This includes the Islamization of the Hausa Emirates, scholars' visits and migration, the establishment of traditional Qur’anic schools, and the strong relationship between the Hausa Emirates and the Islamic world. Interestingly, the inclusion of Qirāʾāt in the competition in 2023 has a positive impact on the state. First, it led to the establishment of more Qur’anic centers; it served as a source of inspiration for educational institutions and both local and international non-governmental organizations (NGOs) that focus on organizing Qur’anic competitions in the region; it serves as a significant factor that motivates individuals to actively engage in learning the science; and it familiarizes the Musābaqah participants with various disciplines associated with the Qur’an. Furthermore, the study identifies several approaches used by Kaduna State's Qirāʾāt teachers in teaching Qirāʾāt. These approaches include Talqin, Tasmi', individual and group recitation, Musaffah group practice, and Qur’anic camping, all of which aim to enhance students' memorization of the Qur’an and the Shātibiyya book. The study identifies inadequate financial support, incorrect planning or timing, inadequate Qirāʾāt teachers, a lack of a unified syllabus, marriage, and a lack of uniformity as challenges related to Musābaqah and Qirāʾāt learning in the state. The study suggests the development of a unified syllabus, organizing both online and offline seminars and workshops, and establishing new regulations that limit the age of participation in each category and prohibit competitors from forging another state's identity.Item Embargo Inserting non-muslims into the Islamic party : the Prosperous Justice Party (PKS) between political pragmatism and ideological coherence(Universitas Islam Internasional Indonesia, 2024) Muhammad Ulil Abshor; Haula NoorThis study investigates the factors influencing the Prosperous Justice Party (PKS) in Indonesia to include non-Muslims as members and candidates, examining the balance between political pragmatism and ideological coherence. The central argument posits that PKS’s insertion of non-Muslims is a strategic adaptation to Indonesia’s pluralistic and democratic political environment, aimed at enhancing its electoral appeal while maintaining its Islamic ideological substance. The research employs a qualitative approach, incorporating historical analysis and in-depth interviews with key PKS figures. Historical documents produced by the party and interviews with four significant party members, including regional cadres and central figures, provide primary data for the study. This method allows a comprehensive understanding of the ideological progress and strategic decisions of the party within its institutional transformation. The findings reveal that the transformation of PKS from informal politics to a political party underscores its initial moderation process while maintaining Islamic conservative principles. This dynamic interplay between ideology and pragmatic political consideration manifests in its adoptive and open approach to the inclusion of non-Muslims within the party. The results emphasize the importance of contextual political structures and the role of party elites in shaping the ideological and pragmatic adaptations of Islamist parties in response to evolving sociopolitical landscapes. The study contributes to the broader understanding of Islamist moderation and the evolution of political Islam in contemporary Indonesia, offering insights into the strategic decisions and ideological shifts within PKS that enable it to operate effectively within a plural democratic framework.Item Embargo Religious, customary marriage, and legal boundaries : navigating between recognition and effective implementation in Ivorian family law(Universitas Islam Internasional Indonesia, 2024) Abdoulaye, Bamba; Zezen Zaenal MutaqinReligious, cultural, and ethnic diversity are intrinsic to humanity, and their harmonization is a central topic of intellectual debate. Since its independence, Ivory Coast has implemented a family law that ignores these aspects, creating a gap between the legislation and the matrimonial practices of Ivorians. This research argues that Ivory Coast must adopt a pluralistic legal system within its civil code to better reflect the diversity of its population. To achieve this goal, we used socio-legal theory to examine the interaction between law and society, collecting data from administrative documents, articles, and interviews with participants from religious and customary structures. The findings are as follows: First, the exclusion of religious and customary marriages since independence is due to various factors, such as the colonial legacy of the constitution, the founding president’s vision of unity, administrative challenges, international human rights agreements, and a societal reality that hinders the integration of these marriages. Second, establishing a pluralistic system in family law poses administrative challenges, but this can be overcome through close collaboration between legislators and experts in religious jurisprudence, as well as through the involvement of customary leaders. Finally, the interviews revealed the urgent need to revise Ivorian family law to better represent the country’s ethnic, religious, and cultural diversities. This research therefore proposes to adopt a pluralistic system that takes this diversity into account. It offers new perspectives for religious, customary, and legislative practitioners to find solutions to the recognition of religious and customary marriages. For future research, we recommend adopting a mixed methodology to more precisely identify these marriages, conducting empirical research among institutions and the population, as well as comparative studies between Ivory Coast and other countries. These studies could help authorities envision a pluralistic legal system that protects the rights of all Ivorian citizens.Item Embargo Politics, proselytization, and the glocalization of salafism in post-9/11 Indonesia and Nigeria(Universitas Islam Internasional Indonesia, 2024) Nasir, Muhammad Muhammad; Noorhaidi HasanContrary to the simplistic view that portrays the dynamics of Salafism in Indonesia and Nigeria as solely influenced by Saudi Arabia, this thesis offers a novel perspective through a comparative study of these two important Muslimmajority countries outside of the Arab world. Although Saudi financial support played a significant role in the spread of Salafism, I contend that local actors are significantly influencing the dynamics of Salafism in Indonesia and Nigeria, and to a certain extent, even shaping how it took root and evolved. Thus, the concept of Glocalizing Salafism is introduced to emphasize the importance of considering both global influences and the local agency in understanding Salafism’s development and dynamics in Indonesia and Nigeria. To be precise, this concept highlights how local actors adapt Salafism discourse and practices to align with local cultural norms, political realities, and social needs, making Salafis a sort of ‘dynamic actors’, particularly in the wake of the events of 9/11 and the ongoing geopolitical changes in Saudi Arabia. In the same fashion, I also assess the impact of pivotal global events, mainly in the middle east in the 1979, such as the Grand Mosque seizure, known in many literature as the ‘Mecca Uprising’, and the Iranian revolution, which prompted the dissemination of Saudi Salafism, and by implication buttresses the Saudi Arabia’s strategic geopolitical manoeuvring to politically position itself as the central player in the Middle East, and to maintain its preeminent in the Muslim world. Grounded in qualitative interviews and fieldwork in Indonesia and Nigeria, this study explored the diverse trajectories of Salafism shaped by local cultures, geopolitical influences, and global events through a novel comparative approach. Still, future research could explore the evolving nature of Salafism in these regions, considering the ongoing geopolitical changes in Saudi Arabia under MBS.Item Embargo The negotiation strategy of transnational Islamic networks : the case of Jama’ah Tabligh in Indonesian pesantren(Universitas Islam Internasional Indonesia, 2024) Nadia Rizky Fauziah; Yanwar PribadiThis thesis examines the negotiation and adaptation carried out by Jama'ah Tabligh as one of the transnational movements present in Indonesia. In contrast to other more general studies, this study focuses on the negotiations and adaptations carried out by Jama'ah Tabligh in the pesantren. It should be noted that since the mid to late 20th century, Jama'ah Tabligh, present in Indonesia, has brought major changes in the culture of Indonesian pesantren. They have collaborated their transnational ideas and internalized them into Indonesian pesantren. This change has even led to rapid development, with a shift in the orientation of the pesantren becoming a “Pesantren Tabligh” that has established almost 300 branches throughout Indonesia. Pesantren Tabligh has taken a significant role in the spread of Jama'ah Tabligh and its mobilization in various regions in Indonesia. This research shows the negotiation and adaptation carried out by the Jama’ah Tabligh through the institution of pesantren as one of the ways to spread and mobilize their dakwah. This research uses Quintan Wicktorowicz's resource mobilization theory, which states that the key to a social movement mobilization lies in emphasizing the type of formal organization, accommodating the role of informal institutions and social networks, and diagnostic framing. In practice, this research is qualitative field research with the sample of Pesantren Al-Fatah as one of the largest Pesantren Tabligh in Southeast Asia and Pesantren Darus Sunnah as a branch pesantren of al-Fatah. This research was conducted from February to June through interviews, discourse analysis based on the history of Pesantren Al-Fatah books, content analysis, and documentation. Interviews were conducted with 14 participants, consisting of the leaders of both male and female pesantren, three teachers, one radio staff, and several santri. This study argues that Jama’ah Tabligh has various strategies to negotiate and adapt to the context of Indonesian society today with the rise of Tabligh Pesantren. This study found that Jama'ah Tabligh has negotiated its strategy through the institution of pesantren by building student teams as an innovation in the spread of da'wah. They also established branch pesantren as a cadre base that serves as a strategic center to train Jama’ah Tabligh members and alums to establish branch pesantren. These pesantren utilize their social networks to spread the values of Jama'ah Tabligh as a more effective strategy for member regeneration. They also use modern communication advances such as Radio Trangkil FM to broadcast their ideas widely. On top of that, this study also shows a shift in the apolitical claims of Jama’ah Tabligh, especially those in pesantren, due to the political tradition in Indonesia that makes pesantren a warehouse for patronage activities.Item Embargo The influence of madrasa education on the social life of ulamā : a case study of Islamabad, Pakistan(Universitas Islam Internasional Indonesia, 2024) Waheed, Usman; Nakissa, AriaThe madrassa system in Pakistan offers an alternate kind of education. Different educational systems in Pakistan contribute to the development of various social and political ideologies. The madrassa system is the most significant, directly impacting the socialization process. Therefore, the current study explores the impacts of madrasa education on the social lives of Ulamā in Islamabad, Pakistan. Evolving from a qualitative research approach, the study will assess how the madrasa system affects the social life engagements of the students, particularly Ulamā with educational backgrounds from madrasa units. The research uses purposive sampling to recruit twenty Ulamā from three madrasas across different levels of education. In data collection, interviews were conducted using structured and unstructured questions, giving a broader view of their stand. The findings of this study show that madrasa education has a very profound influence on students’ social life subjectivities. The curriculum matters most here and covers religious aspects, and values children should learn to uphold in society. The students commit firmly to their communities and religious obligations, often performing leadership responsibilities in their areas. Ulamā, regarded as students of madrasas, are in important positions in leadership and spiritual teachings of society. The education they receive empowers them as knowledgeable and assisting authority in social and religious spheres. In this case, the madrasas ensure that positive responsibility is taken from the students to continue contributing to the betterment of society and adhere to ethical behavior. The madrasa system is known for following a conventional approach to education, memorizing, and formula-promoting scriptural learning as opposed to contemporary educational theories. However, it suits its purpose of maintaining religious and cultural teaching. In light of this study, incorporating modern educational practices with the madrasa curriculum is required to improve student's critical thinking and organizational involvement. Indeed, while they play a more prominent role in education, madrasas are not without their problems, including short supplies and public view of them as harbors of terrorism. To eradicate such issues, there is a need for policy change and the provision of educational support from the authorities. The study reveals the need for early education in the madrasas, i.e., there is a need to have a proper plan to mold the young learners’ socio-moral beings. This can help ensure that the society-produced madrasa graduates are qualified to be Islamic scholars and ordinary citizens in society. It is determined that madrasa education significantly affects the students ‘socio-religious intended role in society and conduct. It is helpful for stakeholders such as the government and schools to know these findings when implementing religious education with family planning and other social development initiatives.Item Embargo Absent husband between tradition and modernity : examining the implementation of Islamic family law in contemporary Indonesia(Universitas Islam Internasional Indonesia, 2024) Inna A’thoina; Zezen Zaenal MutaqinThis thesis examines the status of absent husbands in contemporary Indonesia from a socio-legal perspective, which demonstrates the dynamics in determining the law between classical Islamic law and the modern legal system on the implementation of family law that occurred when applied in a modern context. This research with a socio-legal approach employed an integrated method between normative juridical legal research by obtaining court decisions from the last five years (2020-2024) to make it relevant to current conditions and statutory documents as primary data and empirical juridical research by conducting an in-depth interview, consisting of an abandoned wife of the absent husband and the lawyer who dealt with this case. This study presents two key arguments: First, the Compilation of Islamic Law (KHI) in Indonesia, intended to codify and unify Islamic law, has not adequately addressed the issue of absent husbands, leading to varied judicial interpretations and potential legal injustice, unlike the clear guidelines provided by classical Islamic jurisprudence. Second, the common waiting period of two years for an abandoned wife to file for divorce in absent husband cases appears to be related to the form of "taklik talak" (a unilateral divorce declaration by the husband) that has existed since the Dutch colonial era. The research also highlights the significantly higher number of "ghaib" cases (where the wife files for divorce due to the husband's disappearance) compared to "mafqud" cases (where the court determines the legal status of a missing person) in Indonesia over the last five years, with a 10% increase in divorce rates during 2020-2021 due to the economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. This study contributes to the scholarly discourse on the evolving nature of Islamic family law in the face of modern challenges, emphasizing the need for a more holistic and comprehensive approach that combines formal legal requirements with a deeper understanding of the underlying social and ethical issues to achieve greater equality and justice for abandoned wives in absent husband cases.Item Embargo Reclaiming the successor of murshidship : a case study on Qādiriyya wa Naqshabandiyya order in West Jawa(Universitas Islam Internasional Indonesia, 2024) Haidar Masyhur Fadhil; Zacky Khairul UmamThis thesis examines the dynamics of murshidship authority within Qadiriyya wa Naqshabandiyya Order in West Java. The conflict emerged following the death of Abah Anom, who left no oral or written testament regarding his successor, an unprecedented occurrence. The Suryalaya faction insists that despite Abah Anom’s passing, his charisma remains and can continue to guide his disciples. However, one of his senior disciples, Abah Aos, challenges this view by claiming himself as the murshid, arguing that a murshid must have a living successor. This thesis analyzes the struggle for murshid authority within the Qadiriyya wa Naqshabandiyya Suryalaya. By utilizing Weber’s three types of authority— Traditional, Rational-Legal, and Charismatic—this research will detail how each faction interprets and maintains murshidship authority. The study employs a qualitative methodology, incorporating textual analysis and ethnographic fieldwork over five months (February-June) through participatory and digital observation, documentation, and interviews. Interviews were conducted with eight key figures from Qadiriyya Naqshabandiyya Suryalaya and Sirnarasa to understand the dynamics of murshidship authority. The study concludes that the power struggle arises from differing interpretations of murshid authority, specifically whether it must simultaneously encompass the three components of Traditional, Rational-Legal, and Charismatic authority to achieve legitimacy from followers.
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