Theses - Political Science

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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14576/29

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Browsing Theses - Political Science by Author "Gde Dwitya Arief Metera"

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    Explaining the rise of a dynastic party in Indonesia : cases of PDIP and Partai Demokrat
    (Universitas Islam Internasional Indonesia, 2025-07-09) Rizky Adhyaksa; Philips J. Vermonte; Gde Dwitya Arief Metera
    What causes the emergence of dynastic political parties? Dynasty-led parties are not uncommon in developing democracies such as India, Pakistan, Nepal, Bangladesh, Nicaragua, Costa Rica and El Salvador. However, Indonesia had seen few examples of genuinely dynastic parties until the the transformation of Partai Demokrat in 2020. Against this backdrop, this thesis aims to explore conditions under which political parties opt for dynastic leadership succession. By comparing Partai Demokrat, as a positive case of a dynastic party, and Partai Demokrasi Indonesia Perjuangan (PDIP), as a negative case, this research argues that electoral strategies employed by parties may shape the nature of factional disputes within the organization. In turn, factional disputes influence the likelihood of a hereditary succession within political parties. When factions compete for the party’s top leadership position (i.e. first-tier factional dispute), the possibility of a dynastic succession is minimal. Conversely, when factions compete for anything other than the apex position (i.e. second-tier factional dispute), the possibility of a familial succession becomes more feasible. The evidence for this argument is mixed: the Partai Demokrat case supports the propose mechanism, while the PDIP case presents a more complex picture that appear to challenge the framework. In conclusion, the model developed in this study must undergo further refinement to account for the unique dynamics within PDIP.
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    Unravelling the dynamics of authoritarian strategies : a comparative study of Suharto’s new order in Indonesia and Jammeh’s rule in the Gambia
    (Universitas Islam Internasional Indonesia, 2024) Bah, Musa; Gde Dwitya Arief Metera; Djayadi Hanan
    The dynamics of authoritarian power consolidation is receiving more attention today than it has ever been before as a result of rising authoritarianism and democratic backsliding. However, there exists an undertheorized and variations on autocrat’s decision calculus for prioritizing repression over co-optation, vice versa. Drawing from this, I make two assumptions that state: 1. Low resource endowment leads to high repression, and 2. High resource endowment leads to low repression and high co-optation. To understand this phenomenon, I compared Yahya Jammeh (1994–2016) in the Gambia (a low resource authoritarian regime) and Suharto (1966–1998) in Indonesia (a high resource authoritarian regime). I used the Gambian case (1994-2016) to explain the first assumption, and the second assumption is examined using the case of Indonesia (1965-1998). By observation, both regimes on the surface appear similar as both were military juntas in Muslimmajority countries. However, the literature shows that their authoritarian strategies and tactics varied in profoundly – Jammeh primarily imposed repression as strategy, whereas Suharto was inclined more towards co-optation. However, I do not argue that this explanation is exclusive, as it is context dependent. To examine this phenomenon, I drew data from government websites, international reports, journal articles, news outlets, and other online resources. Thus, this study intends to contribute to the understanding of autocrats’ decision-making strategyies.